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Polycythemia vera is caused by an acquired mutation in the JAK2 gene, most commonly JAK2 V617F, which causes bone marrow stem cells to overproduce red blood cells independently of normal regulatory signals. This mutation is not inherited and occurs spontaneously during a person's lifetime.

Common symptoms include headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, fatigue, itching after a warm bath or shower (aquagenic pruritus), redness of the skin particularly in the face and hands, a feeling of fullness in the left upper abdomen due to an enlarged spleen, and unexplained weight loss. Some patients have no symptoms and are diagnosed incidentally through blood tests.

Diagnosis typically involves a complete blood count showing elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit, a bone marrow biopsy, and molecular testing for the JAK2 V617F mutation. Your physician will also rule out secondary causes of elevated red blood cell counts such as chronic lung disease or smoking.

The primary goals are to reduce the risk of life-threatening blood clots and to control symptoms. This is achieved through regular therapeutic phlebotomy to maintain hematocrit below 45 percent, low-dose aspirin for most patients, and cytoreductive medications such as hydroxyurea for those at higher risk of complications.

Therapeutic phlebotomy involves removing a unit of blood at regular intervals, similar to blood donation. It reduces the number of red blood cells in circulation, lowers blood viscosity, and decreases the risk of clotting. It is a first-line treatment for nearly all patients with polycythemia vera.

Yes. Over time, a subset of patients may progress to myelofibrosis, a condition where scar tissue replaces normal bone marrow, or rarely to acute myeloid leukemia. Regular monitoring by a hematologist is important to detect any signs of disease progression early.

Doctronic uses AI-guided evaluation to gather detailed information about your symptoms and medical history. A licensed physician then reviews your case, and together you receive a personalized treatment plan. The process is designed to be thorough, convenient, and clinically sound.

Yes. Doctronic operates with licensed physicians who review and are accountable for every patient interaction. All consultations are doctor-reviewed, regularly audited for quality, and conducted on a HIPAA-compliant platform to protect your personal health information.