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COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that obstructs airflow from the lungs. The most common cause is long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, but other factors such as air pollution, occupational dust and chemical exposure, and a rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can also contribute. The two main forms are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and most people with COPD have elements of both.

The most common symptoms include persistent shortness of breath, especially during physical activity, a chronic productive cough, increased mucus or phlegm production, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Symptoms typically worsen gradually over time and may flare up severely during respiratory infections.

COPD is primarily diagnosed using a breathing test called spirometry, which measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly. A ratio of FEV1 to FVC below 0.70 after a bronchodilator is used to confirm airflow obstruction. A physician will also review your symptoms, medical history, and risk factors such as smoking history.

COPD cannot be cured, but it can be effectively managed. Quitting smoking is the most important step to slow disease progression. Medications such as bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle changes can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Treatment depends on the severity of COPD. Short-acting bronchodilators such as albuterol are used for quick relief. Long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroid combinations, and medications like ipratropium or theophylline are used for ongoing control. Your physician will tailor the regimen to your specific GOLD stage and symptom burden.

Seek emergency care immediately if you experience severe shortness of breath that does not respond to your rescue inhaler, bluish lips or fingernails (cyanosis), extreme confusion or difficulty staying awake, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, or if you cannot speak in full sentences due to breathlessness. These signs may indicate a life-threatening exacerbation.

Doctronic uses an AI-powered evaluation to gather detailed information about your symptoms, medical history, and current medications. That information is then reviewed by a licensed physician who develops a personalized treatment plan. Everything is handled securely online so you can get expert care without leaving home.

Yes. Doctronic works exclusively with licensed physicians whose consultations are doctor-reviewed and audited for quality. The platform is HIPAA-compliant, and care is available to adults 18 and older in any U.S. state. Your health information is always protected.