What Causes Migraines with Aura?
Medically reviewed by Linda Girgis | MD, Girgis Family Medicine on August 21st, 2026.
Migraines with aura result from abnormal electrical activity spreading across the brain's cortex. This phenomenon, called cortical spreading depression, triggers visual disturbances like flashing lights or blind spots that typically last 20-60 minutes before the headache begins. Genetic factors play a significant role, with 70% of migraine sufferers having a family history. Specific triggers include hormonal changes, certain foods like aged cheese or chocolate, stress, bright lights, and weather changes. The aura occurs when nerve cells fire abnormally, temporarily disrupting blood flow in visual processing areas of the brain.
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