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The four main types are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Papillary is by far the most common, accounting for roughly 80 percent of all cases, and generally carries an excellent prognosis. Medullary and anaplastic forms are less common but can be more aggressive and require different treatment approaches.

When the thyroid gland is surgically removed, the body can no longer produce its own thyroid hormones. Levothyroxine replaces these hormones and, in higher doses, suppresses TSH to reduce the stimulus for any remaining cancer cells to grow. Regular blood tests are needed to keep levels in the right therapeutic range.

TSH suppression therapy involves taking a higher-than-normal dose of levothyroxine to keep thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels very low. Because TSH can drive the growth of differentiated thyroid cancer cells, suppressing it helps reduce the risk of recurrence. The target TSH level is individualized based on the cancer's stage and risk category.

Key symptoms to monitor include a new or returning lump in the neck, persistent hoarseness or voice changes, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, and bone pain. Additionally, symptoms of over- or under-replacement with thyroid hormone, such as heart palpitations, fatigue, or unexplained weight changes, should be reported to your physician promptly.

Radioiodine (I-131) therapy uses radioactive iodine to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue or cancer cells after surgery. It is most commonly used for papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Not all patients require it; the decision depends on the cancer's stage, size, and risk of recurrence. Before treatment, patients typically stop levothyroxine or receive thyrogen injections to raise TSH levels.

Yes. Surgery to remove the thyroid can inadvertently affect the parathyroid glands, which sit nearby and regulate calcium. Damage or removal of these glands can cause hypoparathyroidism, leading to low calcium levels (hypocalcemia). Symptoms include muscle cramps, tingling, and in severe cases, seizures. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation are often required after thyroidectomy.

When you start with Doctronic, our AI performs a thorough evaluation of your symptoms, medical history, and current medications. A licensed physician then reviews your case, confirms or refines the assessment, and creates a personalized treatment or monitoring plan. You receive expert medical guidance without needing to travel to a clinic.

Yes. Doctronic only works with licensed, board-eligible or board-certified physicians. All care is doctor-reviewed and subject to ongoing quality audits. The platform is HIPAA-compliant, so your health information is kept private and secure. Doctronic is available to adults 18 and older in any U.S. state.