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What Causes Cushing Syndrome? Uncover the Surprising Triggers!
Published: Jan 06, 2024
Cushing syndrome might sound rare, but its causes are quite varied and intriguing. Let's dive into the different triggers behind this condition and how they affect the body.
ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome
ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome is primarily caused by the pituitary gland producing too much ACTH. This is known as Cushing disease and accounts for 65 to 70% of cases. Another cause is ectopic ACTH syndrome, where non-pituitary tumors secrete ACTH. Rarely, ectopic CRH syndrome can also lead to this form of Cushing syndrome.
ACTH-Independent Cushing Syndrome
In ACTH-independent cases, the adrenal glands produce cortisol without ACTH's influence. This can be due to adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, or conditions like primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) and bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH). Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, caused by external glucocorticoid use, is also a frequent trigger.
Non-Neoplastic Hypercortisolism
This condition mimics Cushing syndrome but stems from other disorders, such as severe obesity or depression. These cases are termed pseudo-Cushing syndrome and are important to differentiate from true Cushing syndrome during diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions
Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome, due to glucocorticoids, is the most common cause.
Cushing disease accounts for 65 to 70% of ACTH-dependent cases.
It's a condition mimicking Cushing syndrome caused by other disorders.
Yes, ectopic ACTH or CRH secreting tumors can lead to Cushing syndrome.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the diverse causes of Cushing syndrome is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
References
- Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. Lancet 2015; 386:913.
- Nieman LK, Biller BM, Findling JW, et al. The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1526.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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