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What Are Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas? Understanding the Basics
Published: Nov 04, 2023
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a diverse group of blood cancers that affect the lymphatic system. Understanding the basics can help patients navigate their diagnosis and treatment options.
Types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
There are many different types of NHL, each with its own characteristics. The two main categories are B-cell lymphomas and T-cell lymphomas. Common subtypes include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Each type behaves differently and may require specific treatment approaches.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms of NHL can include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy of affected tissue, blood tests, and imaging studies like CT scans or PET scans. These tests help determine the type of lymphoma and how far it has spread in the body.
Staging and Prognosis
NHL is staged from I to IV based on how widespread the cancer is. Stage I is limited to one area, while stage IV indicates the cancer has spread to multiple organs. Prognosis varies greatly depending on the type of NHL, its stage, and other factors like age and overall health. Many types of NHL are treatable, and some can be cured.
Treatment Options
Treatment for NHL depends on the specific type and stage. Common approaches include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy. Some patients may need stem cell transplantation. Treatment plans are tailored to each individual's situation and may involve a combination of therapies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Many types can be cured, especially if caught early.
They affect different types of lymphocytes and have distinct treatments.
Most cases can't be prevented, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle may help.
Most cases are not hereditary, but family history can increase risk.
Treatment duration varies, but often lasts several months.
Key Takeaways
While a diagnosis of NHL can be overwhelming, understanding the basics and working closely with your healthcare team can help you navigate your treatment journey.
References
- Cheson BD, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3059.
- Barrington SF, et al. Role of imaging in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3048.
- Weiler-Sagie M, et al. (18)F-FDG avidity in lymphoma readdressed: a study of 766 patients. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:25.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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