Fighting Back: How Doctors Treat Bacterial Meningitis
Fighting Back: How Doctors Treat Bacterial Meningitis
A Race Against Time
Treating bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. Quick and aggressive action is needed to prevent serious complications and save lives.
Contents
- Antibiotics: The First Line of Defense
- Steroids: Reducing Inflammation
- Supportive Care
- Managing Complications
Antibiotics: The First Line of Defense
The cornerstone of treatment for bacterial meningitis is intravenous antibiotics. These are usually started as soon as bacterial meningitis is suspected, even before the diagnosis is confirmed. The initial choice of antibiotics is broad-spectrum to cover the most likely bacteria, and may be adjusted once the specific bacterium is identified.
Steroids: Reducing Inflammation
In many cases, doctors also administer corticosteroids, typically dexamethasone. These drugs help reduce inflammation in the brain and can prevent complications. Steroids are usually given shortly before or at the same time as the first dose of antibiotics.
Supportive Care
Patients with bacterial meningitis often require intensive supportive care. This may include intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration, medications to reduce fever and pain, and sometimes oxygen therapy. In severe cases, patients may need mechanical ventilation to support breathing.
Managing Complications
Treatment may also involve managing complications of meningitis. This could include medications to control seizures, procedures to reduce increased intracranial pressure, or treatments for shock if it develops.
FAQs
How long does treatment last?
Typically 7-14 days, but can be longer depending on the bacteria and patient's response.
Are there any side effects of treatment?
Antibiotics and steroids can have side effects, but benefits usually outweigh risks.
Can bacterial meningitis be treated at home?
No, it requires hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and close monitoring.
What happens after treatment?
Follow-up care is important to monitor for any long-term effects or complications.
A Team Effort
Successful treatment of bacterial meningitis requires rapid action and a multidisciplinary approach.
Additional References
- Tunkel AR, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1267-1284.
- van de Beek D, et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-1859.
- Brouwer MC, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 380:1684-1692.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.