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Bacterial Meningitis: What You Need to Know About This Dangerous Brain Infection
Published: Feb 19, 2024
Bacterial meningitis is a potentially life-threatening infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the best outcomes.
Key Symptoms to Watch For
The classic signs of bacterial meningitis are fever, stiff neck, and altered mental state. However, not all patients have all three symptoms. Other common symptoms include severe headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light. If you experience these symptoms, especially if they come on suddenly, seek medical attention immediately.
How It's Diagnosed
Doctors diagnose bacterial meningitis by examining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), obtained through a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap. The CSF is tested for signs of infection and inflammation. Blood tests and imaging scans may also be performed.
Treatment is Time-Sensitive
Bacterial meningitis requires prompt treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Delaying treatment can lead to serious complications or death. In some cases, doctors may start antibiotics even before confirming the diagnosis if bacterial meningitis is strongly suspected.
Frequently Asked Questions
It's relatively rare, with about 1.2 cases per 100,000 adults annually in developed countries.
Vaccines can prevent some types of bacterial meningitis.
Some forms can spread through close contact, but it's not as contagious as the common cold.
With prompt treatment, many people recover fully, but some may have long-term complications.
The Bottom Line
Recognizing the signs of bacterial meningitis and seeking immediate medical care can be life-saving.
References
- van de Beek D, et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-1859.
- Tunkel AR, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1267-1284.
- Brouwer MC, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 380:1684-1692.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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