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Red Flags: Recognizing the Warning Signs of Bacterial Meningitis
Published: Dec 16, 2023
Bacterial meningitis can progress rapidly, making early recognition of symptoms crucial. Knowing what to look for could save a life.
The Classic Triad
The three most characteristic symptoms of bacterial meningitis are fever, stiff neck, and altered mental state. However, it's important to note that not all patients experience all three symptoms. In fact, studies show that only about 44% of adults with bacterial meningitis have all three classic signs.
Beyond the Basics
Other common symptoms include severe headache, which occurs in about 87% of cases, and nausea, affecting around 62% of patients. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and confusion are also frequently reported. Some patients may develop a rash, particularly with meningococcal meningitis.
Subtle Signs in Older Adults
In older adults, the symptoms of bacterial meningitis can be less obvious. They may not develop a high fever or stiff neck. Instead, they might show signs of confusion, changes in behavior, or a general decline in functioning. It's important to be vigilant in this age group.
Frequently Asked Questions
Symptoms can develop over hours or days, but often progress rapidly.
Yes, especially in older adults or those with weakened immune systems.
It's often described as severe and different from usual headaches.
Yes, infants may show irritability, poor feeding, and a bulging fontanelle.
When in Doubt, Check it Out
If you suspect meningitis, seek medical attention immediately – early treatment is critical.
References
- van de Beek D, et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-1859.
- Attia J, et al. JAMA 1999; 282:175-181.
- Brouwer MC, et al. Lancet Infect Dis 2012; 380:1684-1692.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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