Cracking the Code: How Doctors Diagnose Bacterial Meningitis
Published: Sep 15, 2023
Diagnosing bacterial meningitis is like solving a medical mystery. Doctors use a combination of tests to quickly and accurately identify this serious brain infection.
Contents
The Crucial Spinal Tap
The most important test for diagnosing bacterial meningitis is the lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the lower back to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF is then analyzed for signs of infection and inflammation.
CSF Analysis: What Doctors Look For
When examining the CSF, doctors check several key factors. These include the number and type of white blood cells, glucose levels, protein levels, and the presence of bacteria. In bacterial meningitis, the CSF typically shows a high white blood cell count, low glucose, high protein, and sometimes visible bacteria under a microscope.
Blood Tests and Cultures
Blood tests are also important in diagnosing bacterial meningitis. Doctors will order a complete blood count and blood cultures to look for signs of infection. Positive blood cultures can confirm the diagnosis even if the CSF culture is negative.
Frequently Asked Questions
Most patients feel pressure but not severe pain during the procedure.
Some results are available within hours, but cultures may take several days.
CT or MRI scans can't diagnose meningitis but may be used to check for complications.
Antibiotics can affect test results, but doctors can still often make a diagnosis.
Key Takeaways
Accurate diagnosis of bacterial meningitis requires a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests.
If you have questions about meningitis testing, reach out to Doctronic for expert guidance.Related Articles
References
Tunkel AR, et al. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:1267-1284.
van de Beek D, et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1849-1859.
Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.