What Causes a Butterfly Rash on Your Face?

A butterfly rash is typically caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune condition affecting approximately 1.5 million Americans. This distinctive facial rash spans both cheeks and the bridge of the nose, resembling a butterfly's wings. The rash occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, causing inflammation in blood vessels near the skin surface. Sun exposure often triggers or worsens the rash in people with lupus, as UV rays can activate the autoimmune response. Other potential causes include rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, or allergic reactions, but lupus remains the most common culprit. The rash may appear as a flat, red discoloration or raised, scaly patches that don't typically cause scarring.