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Who's at Risk for Mono? Understanding the Risk Factors for Infectious Mononucleosis
Published: Jul 09, 2024
Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as 'mono', doesn't affect everyone equally. Certain factors can increase your chances of getting this viral infection. Understanding these risk factors can help you assess your own risk and take appropriate precautions.
Age Matters: The Prime Time for Mono
Mono is often called the 'kissing disease' because it primarily affects teenagers and young adults. The peak age range is 15 to 24 years old. While children can get mono, it's often milder and may go unnoticed. Adults over 40 can also get mono, but it's less common and may present differently.
Close Quarters: The Social Factor
Living or interacting in close quarters increases the risk of mono. College students, particularly in their first year, are at higher risk due to shared living spaces and increased social contact. Military personnel in basic training also have higher rates of infection. Any situation with close personal contact can increase transmission risk.
Immune System Status: A Key Player
People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to mono and may experience more severe symptoms. This includes individuals with HIV/AIDS, those undergoing chemotherapy, or transplant recipients on immunosuppressive drugs. Stress and lack of sleep, which can temporarily lower immunity, may also increase susceptibility.
Genetic Factors: The Family Connection
There's evidence that genetic factors may influence who develops symptomatic mono. Studies have shown that mono occurs more frequently in same-sex twins and first-degree siblings compared to more distant relatives. Certain genetic variations in immune system genes may also play a role in susceptibility.
Frequently Asked Questions
It's rare, as most people develop long-lasting immunity.
No, only if one person has the active virus.
Some studies suggest variations, but more research is needed.
Stress alone doesn't cause it, but may increase susceptibility.
Yes, which contributes to its spread.
Know Your Risk
While anyone can get mono, understanding your risk factors can help you take appropriate precautions.
References
- Balfour HH Jr, Odumade OA, Schmeling DO, et al. Behavioral, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with acquisition and severity of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection in university students. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:80.
- Nye FJ. Social class and infectious mononucleosis. J Hyg (Lond) 1973; 71:145.
- Rostgaard K, Wohlfahrt J, Hjalgrim H. A genetic basis for infectious mononucleosis: evidence from a family study of hospitalized cases in Denmark. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 58:1684.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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