What is Infectious Mononucleosis? The 'Kissing Disease' Explained
What is Infectious Mononucleosis? The 'Kissing Disease' Explained
The Big Picture
Infectious mononucleosis, often called 'mono' or the 'kissing disease', is a common viral infection that mainly affects teenagers and young adults. It's caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can lead to fever, sore throat, and extreme fatigue.
Contents
- Key Symptoms to Watch For
- How Mono Spreads
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Prevention and Precautions
Key Symptoms to Watch For
The classic triad of mono symptoms includes fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck. Extreme fatigue is also very common and can last for weeks or months. Some people may experience an enlarged spleen, which in rare cases can rupture if not careful.
How Mono Spreads
Mono is primarily spread through saliva, which is why it's nicknamed the 'kissing disease'. However, it can also spread through coughing, sneezing, or sharing utensils. The virus can be shed in saliva for months after infection, even when symptoms are gone. College students and others in close living quarters are at higher risk.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Doctors diagnose mono through a combination of symptoms, physical exam, and blood tests. There's no specific cure, so treatment focuses on managing symptoms with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Most people recover fully within a few weeks to months, though fatigue can linger.
Prevention and Precautions
While there's no vaccine for mono, you can reduce your risk by avoiding kissing or sharing drinks with someone who's infected. If you have mono, it's important to avoid contact sports and strenuous activity for several weeks to prevent complications like splenic rupture.
FAQs
Is mono only spread by kissing?
No, it can spread through any saliva contact.
How long does mono last?
Symptoms usually improve in 2-4 weeks, but fatigue can persist for months.
Can you get mono more than once?
It's rare, as most people develop immunity after infection.
Is mono dangerous?
It's usually not serious, but can have rare complications.
When should I see a doctor?
If you have severe symptoms or suspect mono.
Key Takeaways
While mono can be unpleasant, most people recover fully with rest and supportive care.
Additional References
- Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL. Infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:1993.
- Balfour HH Jr, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA. Infectious mononucleosis. Clin Transl Immunology 2015; 4:e33.
- Hurt C, Tammaro D. Diagnostic evaluation of mononucleosis-like illnesses. Am J Med 2007; 120:911.e1.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.