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Understanding Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Published: Dec 16, 2023
While the exact causes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) aren't fully understood, researchers have identified several factors that may increase a person's risk. Learning about these can help you understand your own risk and potential prevention strategies.
Age and Gender
NHL can occur at any age, but the risk generally increases as we get older. Most cases occur in people over 60. Men have a slightly higher risk of developing NHL compared to women, though the reasons for this aren't clear. It's important to note that many people with these risk factors never develop NHL, while others with no known risk factors do.
Immune System Factors
People with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of developing NHL. This includes individuals with HIV/AIDS, those who've had organ transplants and are on immune-suppressing drugs, and people with autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Certain infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C, and H. pylori, have also been linked to increased NHL risk.
Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as some pesticides and herbicides, may increase NHL risk. People who work with or are exposed to radiation and certain chemicals used in rubber manufacturing may also have a higher risk. While not a direct cause, obesity and a diet high in fat and meat may increase risk, while a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower it.
Genetic Factors
While NHL isn't typically inherited, having a close relative with NHL or another blood cancer slightly increases your risk. Some inherited immune system disorders, such as ataxia-telangiectasia or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, are also associated with a higher risk of NHL. However, these genetic factors account for only a small percentage of NHL cases.
Frequently Asked Questions
Many cases can't be prevented, but reducing known risk factors may help.
No, many people with risk factors never develop NHL.
There's no standard screening test; discuss concerns with your doctor.
There's no direct link, but stress can affect the immune system.
Some studies suggest a slight increase, but the link isn't strong.
The Bottom Line
While we can't control all NHL risk factors, understanding them can help us make informed health decisions.
References
- Cheson BD, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:3059.
- Engels EA, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in South Korea: a cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11:827.
- Spinelli JJ, et al. Hepatitis C virus and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in British Columbia, Canada. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:630.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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