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Ankle Sprain Risk Factors: Are You at Higher Risk?
Published: Jan 24, 2024
Ankle sprains can happen to anyone, but certain factors can increase your risk. Understanding these risk factors can help you take steps to protect yourself from this common injury.
Previous Ankle Injuries
One of the most significant risk factors for ankle sprains is a history of previous sprains. If you've sprained your ankle before, you're up to 5 times more likely to sprain it again. This is often due to ligaments healing in a stretched position, leading to decreased stability. Additionally, proprioception (your body's ability to sense joint position) may be impaired after an injury, further increasing risk.
Physical Characteristics and Fitness Level
Certain physical characteristics can increase your risk of ankle sprains. These include having a high arch, being overweight, or having poor balance and coordination. Your overall fitness level also plays a role. Weak ankle muscles, poor flexibility, and lack of conditioning can all contribute to increased sprain risk. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can help mitigate these risks.
Sport and Activity Type
Some sports and activities carry a higher risk of ankle sprains. Sports that involve jumping, quick changes of direction, or uneven surfaces are particularly risky. Basketball, soccer, and volleyball have high rates of ankle sprains. Even everyday activities like walking on uneven surfaces or wearing high heels can increase your risk. Being aware of these activity-related risks can help you take appropriate precautions.
Environmental Factors
Environmental factors can significantly impact your risk of ankle sprains. Playing or exercising on uneven or slippery surfaces increases the likelihood of a misstep leading to a sprain. Poor lighting can make it difficult to see and avoid hazards. Weather conditions, such as rain or ice, can also make surfaces more treacherous. Being aware of your environment and taking appropriate precautions can help reduce your risk.
Frequently Asked Questions
Risk can increase with age due to decreased flexibility and balance.
Some studies suggest a slightly higher risk in women, possibly due to anatomical differences.
Yes, factors like joint laxity and foot shape can be inherited and affect risk.
Yes, shoes with poor support or high heels can increase risk.
Yes, fatigue can impair coordination and reaction time, increasing sprain risk.
Knowledge is Power
Understanding your personal risk factors for ankle sprains empowers you to take proactive steps in prevention.
References
- Doherty C, et al. Risk factors for first-time ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 2014; 44:123.
- Fulton J, et al. Injury risk is altered by previous injury: a systematic review of the literature and presentation of causative neuromuscular factors. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2014; 9:583.
- Kobayashi T, et al. Intrinsic Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprain: A Meta-analysis. Sports Health 2022; 14(3):332-340.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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