What is Multiple Myeloma? Understanding the Basics of This Blood Cancer
What is Multiple Myeloma? Understanding the Basics of This Blood Cancer
The Big Picture
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in your bone marrow. While it's a serious condition, understanding the basics can help you navigate your diagnosis and treatment.
Contents
- What Exactly is Multiple Myeloma?
- What Are the Main Symptoms?
- How is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?
- What Treatment Options are Available?
What Exactly is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple myeloma occurs when plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, start growing out of control in your bone marrow. These abnormal cells produce large amounts of a protein called monoclonal immunoglobulin. As the cancer cells multiply, they can crowd out healthy blood cells and damage bones. Think of it like weeds overtaking a garden - the myeloma cells multiply rapidly and don't allow room for normal, healthy cells to grow.
What Are the Main Symptoms?
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, especially in the back or ribs, fatigue, frequent infections, and unexplained weight loss. Some patients may also experience increased thirst, frequent urination, constipation, or nausea due to high calcium levels in the blood. It's important to note that early-stage myeloma may not cause any symptoms at all. Regular check-ups and blood tests can help catch it early.
How is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?
Diagnosing multiple myeloma typically involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Blood tests can detect the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells. A bone marrow biopsy allows doctors to examine the cells in your bone marrow directly. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or PET scans can show bone damage or tumors. It's like putting together pieces of a puzzle - each test provides a piece of information that helps form the complete picture.
What Treatment Options are Available?
Treatment for multiple myeloma has advanced significantly in recent years. Options may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on factors like your age, overall health, and the stage of the disease. Many patients receive a combination of therapies. It's important to work closely with your healthcare team to find the best treatment plan for you.
FAQs
Is multiple myeloma curable?
While not typically curable, many patients achieve long remissions with treatment.
Who is at risk for multiple myeloma?
Risk factors include age over 60, male gender, African American race, and family history.
How common is multiple myeloma?
It accounts for about 1-2% of all cancers.
Can multiple myeloma be prevented?
There's no known way to prevent it, but early detection improves outcomes.
What's the outlook for multiple myeloma patients?
Survival rates have improved significantly with new treatments.
Key Takeaways
While multiple myeloma is a serious diagnosis, understanding the condition and working closely with your healthcare team can lead to better outcomes.
Additional References
- Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:21.
- Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:e538.
- Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin 2020; 70:7.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic.