What is Multiple Myeloma? Understanding the Basics of This Blood Cancer
Published: Sep 22, 2024
Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells in your bone marrow. While it's a serious condition, understanding the basics can help you navigate your diagnosis and treatment.
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What Exactly is Multiple Myeloma?
Multiple myeloma occurs when plasma cells, a type of white blood cell, start growing out of control in your bone marrow. These abnormal cells produce large amounts of a protein called monoclonal immunoglobulin. As the cancer cells multiply, they can crowd out healthy blood cells and damage bones. Think of it like weeds overtaking a garden - the myeloma cells multiply rapidly and don't allow room for normal, healthy cells to grow.
What Are the Main Symptoms?
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, especially in the back or ribs, fatigue, frequent infections, and unexplained weight loss. Some patients may also experience increased thirst, frequent urination, constipation, or nausea due to high calcium levels in the blood. It's important to note that early-stage myeloma may not cause any symptoms at all. Regular check-ups and blood tests can help catch it early.
How is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?
Diagnosing multiple myeloma typically involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging studies. Blood tests can detect the abnormal proteins produced by myeloma cells. A bone marrow biopsy allows doctors to examine the cells in your bone marrow directly. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or PET scans can show bone damage or tumors. It's like putting together pieces of a puzzle - each test provides a piece of information that helps form the complete picture.
Frequently Asked Questions
While not typically curable, many patients achieve long remissions with treatment.
Risk factors include age over 60, male gender, African American race, and family history.
It accounts for about 1-2% of all cancers.
There's no known way to prevent it, but early detection improves outcomes.
Key Takeaways
While multiple myeloma is a serious diagnosis, understanding the condition and working closely with your healthcare team can lead to better outcomes.
Curious about your risk for multiple myeloma? Talk to Doctronic about getting screened.Related Articles
References
Kyle RA, Gertz MA, Witzig TE, et al. Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 2003; 78:21.
Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15:e538.
Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.