Unraveling Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea: What's Behind the Missing Periods?
Published: Jun 20, 2024
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is a condition where women lose their menstrual cycles due to stress, low energy, or excessive exercise. Let's dive into what causes this and how it shows up in the body.
Contents
The Culprits: Causes of FHA
FHA often arises from factors like eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, excessive exercise, and emotional stress. These elements disrupt hormone production, causing the brain to signal ovaries to halt menstruation. Surprisingly, even women without obvious stressors can develop FHA, suggesting potential genetic influences.
The Hormonal Roller Coaster
FHA affects several hormonal systems, including the ones responsible for growth and stress. The body releases lower levels of reproductive hormones, while stress hormones like cortisol skyrocket. This imbalance can lead to low bone density and other health challenges.
Impact on Bone Health
Women with FHA are at risk of developing low bone density since estrogen, crucial for bone health, is lacking. This is especially true for athletes with exercise-induced amenorrhea, who may suffer stress fractures due to weaker bones.
Frequently Asked Questions
Low energy, stress, and excessive exercise are key triggers.
Yes, low estrogen levels can lead to weaker bones.
Yes, normalizing energy balance and stress can restore menstruation.
Stress increases cortisol, which disrupts reproductive hormones.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the causes of FHA can empower women to make health-focused changes.
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References
Keski-Rahkonen A, Mustelin L. Epidemiology of eating disorders in Europe: prevalence, incidence, comorbidity, course, consequences, and risk factors. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2016; 29:340.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th, American Psychiatric Association, Arlington 2013.
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