Is Hypercalcemia More Common Than We Think?
Published: Oct 10, 2023
Hypercalcemia, a condition of high calcium levels in the blood, may seem rare but is actually a frequent clinical issue. Understanding its causes can help manage it effectively.
Contents
Common Culprits
Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are the leading causes of hypercalcemia, accounting for over 90% of cases. In primary hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid glands produce too much hormone, leading to increased calcium levels. Malignancies, such as cancers, can also elevate calcium levels due to tumor effects on bones.
Unexpected Causes
Besides the common causes, hypercalcemia can occur due to less frequent factors like vitamin D intoxication or immobilization. High vitamin D levels boost calcium absorption, while prolonged immobility can increase calcium release from bones. These causes, although rare, need attention for proper diagnosis.
Medications at Fault
Certain medications like lithium and thiazide diuretics can also lead to hypercalcemia. Lithium affects the parathyroid hormone release, while thiazide diuretics reduce calcium excretion. Knowing the side effects of these medications helps in preventing or managing hypercalcemia.
Frequently Asked Questions
Hypercalcemia is when there's too much calcium in the blood.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and cancers are the main causes.
Yes, drugs like lithium and thiazide diuretics can cause it.
High vitamin D levels can increase calcium absorption, causing hypercalcemia.
Key Takeaways
Understanding the diverse causes of hypercalcemia can aid in its effective management.
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References
Walker MD, Shane E. Hypercalcemia: A Review. JAMA 2022; 328:1624.
Meric F, Yap P, Bia MJ. Etiology of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients on calcium carbonate therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 1990; 16:459.
Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.