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Hip Fractures in Older Adults: What You Need to Know
Published: Sep 29, 2024
Hip fractures are serious injuries that primarily affect older adults and can have life-changing consequences. Understanding the types, causes, and treatments of hip fractures is crucial for prevention and proper care.
Types of Hip Fractures
There are two main types of hip fractures: intracapsular and extracapsular. Intracapsular fractures occur inside the hip joint capsule and affect the femoral neck or head. Extracapsular fractures happen outside the joint capsule and include intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. Each type has different risks and treatment approaches.
Causes and Risk Factors
Most hip fractures in older adults result from falls. Factors that increase the risk include osteoporosis (weakened bones), balance problems, certain medications, and environmental hazards. In younger people, hip fractures typically occur due to high-impact trauma like car accidents or falls from heights.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common symptoms of a hip fracture include severe hip pain, inability to walk or put weight on the leg, and the injured leg appearing shorter or turned outward. Doctors diagnose hip fractures using X-rays, but sometimes MRI or CT scans are needed to detect less obvious fractures. Early diagnosis is crucial for proper treatment.
Treatment Options
Most hip fractures require surgery, with the specific approach depending on the fracture type and patient's overall health. Options include internal fixation (using screws or plates) or hip replacement surgery. In rare cases, non-surgical treatment may be appropriate for very frail patients. Physical therapy is an important part of recovery for all patients.
Frequently Asked Questions
Hip fractures affect millions worldwide, especially older adults.
Yes, through fall prevention, exercise, and maintaining bone health.
Recovery can take several months and varies by individual.
Yes, including blood clots, infections, and loss of independence.
Yes, but it's less common and usually due to severe trauma.
The Bottom Line
Hip fractures are serious but treatable injuries that require prompt medical attention and comprehensive care.
References
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. The management of hip fractures in adults, 2011. Updated 2017.
- Brox WT, et al. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Evidence-Based Guideline on Management of Hip Fractures in the Elderly. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2015; 97:1196.
- Mears SC. Classification and surgical approaches to hip fractures for nonsurgeons. Clin Geriatr Med 2014; 30:229.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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