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Adrenal Crisis: When Low Cortisol Becomes an Emergency
Published: May 09, 2024
Adrenal crisis is a life-threatening emergency that can occur in people with adrenal insufficiency. Recognizing the signs and acting quickly can be lifesaving.
What Triggers an Adrenal Crisis?
An adrenal crisis can be triggered by any significant physical stress. Common causes include severe infections, injuries, surgeries, or even extreme emotional stress. Vomiting or diarrhea can also lead to a crisis by preventing absorption of oral medications. Sometimes, suddenly stopping steroid medications can precipitate a crisis.
Recognizing the Signs
Symptoms of an adrenal crisis can come on quickly. They often include severe weakness, confusion, and dizziness. You might experience severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Low blood pressure is a hallmark sign, which can cause fainting. Without treatment, an adrenal crisis can lead to shock, coma, and even death.
Emergency Treatment
Adrenal crisis requires immediate medical attention. Treatment involves giving high-dose steroids, usually through an IV, along with fluids to correct dehydration and low blood pressure. Blood tests will be done to check electrolyte levels and look for underlying triggers like infections. Once stable, patients will need to adjust their regular medication regimen to prevent future crises.
Prevention is Key
If you have adrenal insufficiency, preventing adrenal crisis is crucial. Always take your medications as prescribed. Learn to increase your dose during times of illness or stress. Wear a medical alert bracelet and carry an emergency injection kit. Make sure family and close friends know what to do in an emergency. Regular check-ups with your doctor can help ensure your treatment plan is working well.
Frequently Asked Questions
It can develop rapidly, sometimes within hours.
Not always, but proper medication management greatly reduces risk.
Severe emotional stress might, but it's more often triggered by physical stress.
Not necessarily, but always consult your doctor when sick.
Yes, it's important to teach family or close friends.
Be Prepared, Stay Safe
While adrenal crisis is serious, being informed and prepared can significantly reduce your risk.
References
- Bornstein SR, et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:364-389.
- Hahner S, et al. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;169:147-154.
This article has been reviewed for accuracy by one of the licensed medical doctors working for Doctronic. Always discuss health information with your healthcare provider.
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