Warts are small, rough skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They are very common, with 3 out of 4 people developing a wart at some point in their lives. Although warts are usually harmless, it's important to understand their causes, types, and treatment options.
Warts are caused by direct contact with the contagious HPV virus. The virus can spread through person-to-person contact or by touching an object used by someone with the virus. HPV stimulates the rapid growth of cells on the skin's surface, resulting in the formation of warts.
There are several types of warts, each with distinct characteristics:
Common warts (verruca vulgaris): These flesh-colored or light brown bumps usually appear on the fingers, near the fingernails, or on the hands.
Plantar warts: These warts affect the soles of the feet and often have small, clotted blood vessels that resemble tiny black dots.
Flat warts (verruca plana): These small, smooth, flat bumps are pink or brown and commonly appear on the face or legs, especially in children and teens.
Genital warts: These warts appear in the pubic area, on the genitals, in or around the anus, and/or in the vagina. They are flesh-colored, pink, or red and may resemble small parts of a cauliflower.
Most warts on the skin are harmless and may go away without treatment. However, genital warts should always be evaluated by a doctor. Treatment options for warts include:
Freezing (cryotherapy): Over-the-counter freezing sprays or liquid nitrogen applied by a doctor can freeze and destroy the wart tissue.
Salicylic acid: Over-the-counter gels, ointments, or pads containing salicylic acid can gradually dissolve the wart when applied regularly.
Cantharidin: This substance, derived from a blister beetle, is applied to the wart to form a blister that lifts the wart off the skin.
Other medications: Prescription medications like bleomycin (injected) or imiquimod (cream) can kill the wart virus or stimulate the immune system to fight it off.
Minor surgery: A doctor can cut away the wart or destroy its base using an electric needle or cryosurgery.
Laser surgery: An intense beam of light (laser) is used to burn and destroy the wart tissue.
To prevent the spread of warts, avoid picking at them, keep your hands dry, and wash your hands thoroughly after touching any warts. Never brush, comb, or shave areas with warts. To prevent genital warts, practice safe sex by using condoms, limiting sexual partners, and getting the HPV vaccine.
While most warts are harmless, it's important to see a doctor if you have genital warts, if your warts are painful or spreading, or if you have a weakened immune system. A healthcare professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend the most effective treatment options for your specific case.
For more information on warts and their treatment, consult reputable sources like the American Academy of Dermatology or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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