Doctronic

Understanding Heart Failure: Symptoms, Treatment, and Palliative Care

Alan Lucks | MD

Medically reviewed by Alan Lucks | MD, Alan Lucks MDPC Private Practice - New York on June 26th, 2024.

Key Takeaways

  • This chronic condition occurs when the heart muscle weakens or stiffens, unable to pump sufficient blood—projected to affect nearly 1 in 12 adults ages 65-70 by 2030.
  • Classic symptoms include shortness of breath during daily activities, persistent leg/ankle swelling, and a dry cough that worsens when lying flat, often mistaken for aging or lung problems.
  • ACE inhibitors like lisinopril (starting at 2.5-5mg daily) and beta-blockers such as metoprolol can reduce hospitalizations by 35% and improve survival rates when used together.
  • Sodium restriction to under 2,000mg daily is crucial—just one teaspoon of salt contains 2,300mg, making label reading essential for fluid management.
  • Palliative care isn't just end-of-life support; studies show it improves quality of life and reduces hospital readmissions by 25% when started early in the disease process.

Heart failure is a chronic condition that occurs when the heart struggles to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Thanks to medical advances, people with heart disease are living longer, but this has also led to an increase in the number of people living with heart failure. By 2030, it's estimated that nearly one in 12 people between the ages of 65 and 70 will have heart failure.

Symptoms of Heart Failure

Some common symptoms of heart failure include:

  • Shortness of breath

  • Fatigue

  • Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet

  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat

  • Persistent coughing or wheezing

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to consult with your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment Options for Heart Failure

In 2022, leading cardiology organizations published guidelines for managing heart failure, which include an expanded range of medications that can help reduce the need for hospitalization and may also prolong life. Some of these medications include:

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Beta-blockers

  • Diuretics

  • Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

In addition to medications, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress can also help manage heart failure.

Understanding Heart Failure: Symptoms, Treatment, and Palliative Care

The Importance of Palliative Care

The latest guidelines also recommend palliative care for all people with heart failure. Palliative care is a specialized type of care that focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, with the goal of improving quality of life for both the patient and their family.

Despite the benefits of palliative care, only a small percentage of people with heart failure currently receive this type of care. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with heart failure, it's important to discuss palliative care options with your healthcare provider.

Additional Resources

For more information on heart failure and its management, check out these reputable sources:

By understanding the symptoms, treatment options, and importance of palliative care, people with heart failure can take steps to manage their condition and improve their quality of life.

The Bottom Line

Early recognition and comprehensive treatment combining specific medications with strict sodium limits can significantly improve outcomes and reduce hospitalizations. The key is starting evidence-based therapies promptly while incorporating palliative care support throughout the journey. If you're experiencing unexplained shortness of breath or swelling, Doctronic can help you understand these symptoms quickly.

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