Medically reviewed by Benjamin Seth Martinez | MD, Statpearls - Director of Clinical Content on January 10th, 2024.
In recent years, the number of children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has increased significantly. According to the CDC, more than 208,000 people younger than 20 have diabetes, including both type 1 and type 2. As a parent, it's essential to understand the causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention of type 2 diabetes in children.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the cells in your child's body don't respond to insulin, a hormone that moves glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream into the cells for energy. This condition is called insulin resistance, and it leads to high blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, blindness, and kidney failure.
Several factors can increase your child's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, including:
Being overweight or obese
Having a family history of diabetes
Being of certain ethnicities (American Indian, African American, Asian, or Hispanic/Latino)
Having insulin resistance
Being female
At first, there may be no noticeable symptoms of type 2 diabetes. However, as the condition progresses, you may notice the following signs:
Unexplained weight loss
Increased hunger and thirst
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow healing of sores or cuts
Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
If you notice any of these symptoms in your child, it's essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment for type 2 diabetes in children typically involves lifestyle changes and medication. Your child's doctor may recommend the following:
A healthy diet plan created with the help of a dietitian
Regular physical activity (at least 60 minutes per day)
Medications such as metformin, liraglutide, or insulin
Regular blood sugar monitoring
Limiting screen time to less than 2 hours a day
It's crucial to work closely with your child's healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan and monitor their progress.
The same steps used to treat type 2 diabetes in children can also help prevent the condition. Encourage your child to maintain a healthy weight by eating a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity. Studies show that exercise has a dramatic effect on reducing insulin resistance.
As a parent, you can support your child by making healthy lifestyle changes as a family. Involve your child in managing their condition, and be patient and supportive as they learn to navigate the challenges of living with diabetes.
For more information and support, consult with your child's doctor, a diabetes educator, or visit reputable websites such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).
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