Understanding Transverse Myelitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological condition that causes inflammation of the spinal cord, resulting in damage to nerve cells. This condition can lead to a range of symptoms, including back pain, bladder and bowel control issues, and even loss of control of the legs. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with transverse myelitis, it's essential to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available.

What Causes Transverse Myelitis?

The exact cause of transverse myelitis is not always clear, but it is often linked to autoimmune disorders, infections, and other conditions. Some of the most common causes include:

• Autoimmune conditions such as lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis

• Bacterial infections like Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and syphilis

• Viral infections caused by varicella-zoster, enterovirus, and West Nile virus

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease)

• Vaccinations, although this is extremely rare

Symptoms of Transverse Myelitis

Symptoms of transverse myelitis can appear quickly, within a few hours or days (acute attack), or gradually over a few weeks (subacute). The most common symptoms include:

• Back pain

• Sharp pain moving down the legs, arms, or around the chest and belly

• Weakness or paralysis in the legs or arms

• Sensitivity to touch

• Numbness or a pins-and-needles feeling in the toes, feet, or legs

• Bladder and bowel control issues

• Sexual dysfunction

Diagnosing Transverse Myelitis

To diagnose transverse myelitis, your doctor may perform several tests, including:

• MRI or CT scans to create detailed images of your spinal cord

• Spinal tap to check for signs of infection or inflammation in the fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord

• Blood work to test for illnesses with similar symptoms, such as lupus or HIV

Treatment Options for Transverse Myelitis

While there is no cure for transverse myelitis, treatment focuses on managing the disease and easing symptoms. Treatment options may include:

• Steroids to reduce inflammation in the spine

• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to help regulate the immune system

• Plasma exchange therapy to remove harmful antibodies from the blood

• Antiviral medications if a viral infection is suspected

• Pain management with over-the-counter or prescription medications

• Physical therapy to maintain muscle strength and flexibility

• Occupational therapy to adapt to daily activities

• Psychotherapy to address emotional and mental health concerns

Recovery from transverse myelitis varies from person to person. About one-third of people with TM recover fully, while others may experience lingering issues or permanent disabilities. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this condition.

If you suspect that you or a loved one may have transverse myelitis, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider can help you navigate the diagnosis and treatment process, ensuring that you receive the care and support you need.

Additional Resources

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Transverse Myelitis Information Page

• Mayo Clinic: Transverse Myelitis

• The Transverse Myelitis Association: Newly Diagnosed

The Bottom Line

Early recognition and treatment within weeks of symptom onset dramatically influences long-term outcomes, making rapid diagnosis critical for preserving neurological function. The key warning sign is acute back pain followed by ascending weakness, numbness, or sudden bladder dysfunction. If you're experiencing these neurological symptoms, Doctronic can help connect you with specialists who understand the urgency of proper evaluation.