Medically reviewed by Oghenefejiro Okifo | MD, Harvard Medical School | Henry Ford Hospital - Detroit, MI on August 2nd, 2023.
Tonsillitis is a common condition that affects the tonsils, two masses of tissue located at the back of the throat. When the tonsils become infected by bacteria or viruses, they can become swollen and inflamed, causing discomfort and other symptoms. In this article, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for tonsillitis.
Tonsils are part of the body's immune system, acting as filters to trap germs that enter through the mouth and nose. They also produce antibodies to help fight infections. However, sometimes the tonsils themselves can become overwhelmed by bacteria or viruses, leading to tonsillitis.
Tonsillitis can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections. The most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus (strep) bacteria, which can also lead to strep throat. Viral causes include adenoviruses, influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and others. Knowing the underlying cause is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment.
The main symptoms of tonsillitis include:
Swollen and inflamed tonsils
Throat pain or tenderness
Difficulty swallowing
Fever
Headache
Ear pain
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or jaw
In children, additional symptoms may include upset stomach, vomiting, and drooling.
While tonsillitis and strep throat often occur together, they are not the same thing. Strep throat is caused specifically by strep bacteria, while tonsillitis can have various causes. A throat swab and culture can help determine if strep bacteria are present.
To diagnose tonsillitis, your doctor will perform a physical exam, looking for signs of inflammation, swelling, and pus on the tonsils. They may also check for fever and swollen lymph nodes. Additional tests, such as a throat swab or blood test, can help determine the underlying cause of the infection.
Treatment for tonsillitis depends on the cause. Bacterial tonsillitis is usually treated with antibiotics, while viral tonsillitis typically resolves on its own. Home remedies, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers, can help manage symptoms.
In some cases, if tonsillitis is severe or recurrent, a tonsillectomy (surgical removal of the tonsils) may be recommended. Recovery from this procedure usually takes 7-10 days.
To reduce the risk of developing tonsillitis, practice good hygiene habits:
Wash your hands frequently
Avoid sharing food, drinks, or personal items like toothbrushes
Stay away from people with sore throats or tonsillitis
By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for tonsillitis, you can better manage this common condition and promote overall throat health. If you suspect you or your child has tonsillitis, consult with your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
For more information on tonsillitis and related topics, visit:
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