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Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Tendinitis is a condition that occurs when a tendon, the cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone, becomes inflamed due to injury, illness, or repeated motion. When the sheath surrounding the tendon also becomes irritated, the condition is called tenosynovitis. These conditions can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area.

Symptoms of Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis

The most common symptoms of tendinitis and tenosynovitis include:

  • Pain and swelling in the affected tendon, especially during use

  • Tenderness in the area, even to the touch

  • Fluid buildup around the tendon, worsening symptoms

  • A catching or clicking sensation when using the affected area (in some cases)

These symptoms can occur in various parts of the body, including the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, hands, fingers, knee, and Achilles tendon. A specific type of tenosynovitis called De Quervain's tenosynovitis affects the thumb, causing pain along the thumb-side of the wrist and difficulty squeezing or grabbing objects.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of tendinitis and tenosynovitis is not always clear, but several factors can contribute to their development:

  • Repeated motions, such as jumping, throwing, or running

  • Sudden, strenuous activities, like lifting a heavy load

  • New or unfamiliar movements, especially overhead motions

  • Arthritis and inflammatory diseases that wear down joints

  • Certain medications, such as fluoroquinolone antibiotics and statins

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

In most cases, a doctor can diagnose tendinitis and tenosynovitis based on a patient's symptoms and a physical examination. They may ask the patient to perform specific motions to assess pain and discomfort. If necessary, imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound can help confirm the diagnosis or rule out other causes.

Treatment for tendinitis and tenosynovitis typically involves:

  1. Rest and avoiding activities that trigger symptoms

  2. Applying ice to the affected area for 20 minutes at a time

  3. Using over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications

  4. Wearing a splint or brace to immobilize the affected area

  5. Gradually increasing range of motion through gentle exercises

  6. In severe cases, corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary

Prevention Tips

To help prevent tendinitis and tenosynovitis, consider the following tips:

  • Take breaks and avoid staying in the same position for too long

  • Vary your movements and avoid repetitive motions without rest

  • Use proper lifting techniques and avoid lifting with just one arm or side

  • Learn and practice correct form for sports and physical activities

  • Warm up before exercising to prepare your muscles and tendons

If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, consult your doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. Early intervention can help prevent further damage and promote a faster recovery.

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