Understanding Small Intestine Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Small intestine cancer, also known as small bowel cancer, is a rare disease that occurs when cells in the small intestine grow out of control and form a tumor. The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system, connecting the stomach to the large intestine and playing a vital role in breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food.

Types of Small Intestine Cancer

There are five main types of small intestine cancer:

1. Adenocarcinomas (30-40% of cases)

2. Sarcoma

3. Carcinoid tumors

4. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

5. Intestinal lymphomas

Symptoms of Small Intestine Cancer

Symptoms of small intestine cancer may include:

• Pain or cramps in the middle of the stomach

• Unexplained weight loss

• A lump in the abdomen

• Blood in the stool or black, tarry stools

• Nausea or vomiting

• Loss of appetite

• Bloating

• Anemia

• Bowel obstruction (inability to pass gas or stool, severe pain, and vomiting)

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult your doctor for a proper diagnosis.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact causes of small intestine cancer are not well understood, several factors can increase your risk of developing the disease:

• Age (average age at diagnosis is 60)

• Gender (slightly higher risk in men)

• Genetic disorders

• Smoking and alcohol use

• High-fat diet

• Exposure to certain chemicals, such as phenoxyacetic acid

• Pre-existing conditions affecting the gut (e.g., Crohn's disease, colon cancer, or celiac disease)

• Lymphedema (damage to the vessels connecting to the lymph nodes)

Diagnosis and Testing

To diagnose small intestine cancer, your doctor will perform a thorough medical exam and may order various tests, including:

• Imaging tests (X-rays, CT scans, MRI)

• Endoscopy

• Blood chemistry tests

• Liver function tests

• Fecal occult blood test

• Lymph node biopsy

• Laparotomy (surgical procedure)

Treatment Options

Treatment for small intestine cancer depends on the type of cancer and whether it has spread. Common treatment options include:

• Surgery to remove the affected part of the small intestine or to bypass a tumor

• Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells

• Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells or stop their growth

• Targeted therapy (everolimus, imatnib)

In addition to these standard treatments, new therapies are being tested in clinical trials. Talk to your doctor if you're interested in participating in a clinical trial before, during, or after your treatment.

For more information on small intestine cancer, visit reputable sources such as the American Cancer Society, Mayo Clinic, and the National Cancer Institute.