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Understanding and Managing Sleep-Related Eating Disorders

Sleep-related eating disorders are a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating patterns during the night. Two main types of sleep-related eating disorders are nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder (NS-RED) and night eating syndrome (NES). If left untreated, these disorders can lead to weight gain, nutritional deficiencies, and other health problems.

Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (NS-RED)

NS-RED is a disorder that occurs during sleepwalking. People with NS-RED may walk into the kitchen and prepare food without any recollection of doing so. This disorder can lead to weight gain and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes if it occurs frequently.

Night Eating Syndrome (NES)

NES is diagnosed when a person eats during the night with full awareness and may be unable to fall asleep again unless they eat. Symptoms of NES often persist for at least two months and include:

  • Little or no appetite for breakfast

  • Eating more food after dinner than during the meal

  • Eating more than half of daily food intake after dinner hour

  • Recurrent awakenings from sleep that require eating to fall back asleep

Who Gets Sleep-Related Eating Disorders?

Both men and women can develop sleep-related eating disorders, but they are more common among women. Approximately 1 in 100 people are thought to have NES, while close to 5% suffer from NS-RED. The prevalence of these disorders increases up to 17% in individuals with other eating disorders. Many people with sleep-related eating disorders diet during the day, which may leave them hungry and vulnerable to binge eating at night when their control is weakened by sleep.

Treatment Options for Sleep-Related Eating Disorders

Treatment for sleep-related eating disorders typically begins with an interview and may include an overnight stay in a sleep lab to monitor brain activity during the night. Medications can sometimes be helpful, but sleeping pills should be avoided as they can increase confusion and clumsiness, leading to injury. Other treatments may include stress management classes, assertiveness training, counseling, and limiting intake of alcohol and caffeine.

If you suspect that you or a loved one may have a sleep-related eating disorder, it is essential to seek help from a qualified healthcare professional. With proper diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to manage these disorders and improve overall health and well-being.

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