Salmonella: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention | Easy-to-Understand Guide

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause an illness called salmonellosis or salmonella infection. It's a common condition, with over a million cases reported in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

What Causes Salmonella Infection?

Salmonella bacteria can be found in the intestines and feces of people and animals. The infection often spreads through contaminated foods, such as:

• Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, and eggs

• Unpasteurized milk and dairy products

• Raw fruits and vegetables

• Processed foods like chicken nuggets and nut butters

You can also get salmonella through poor handwashing after using the bathroom or handling pets like dogs, cats, birds, and reptiles.

Symptoms of Salmonella Infection

The main symptoms of salmonella infection are related to the digestive system and may include:

• Stomach cramps

• Diarrhea (sometimes bloody)

• Fever

• Chills

• Headache

• Nausea and vomiting

Symptoms usually start 12 to 96 hours after infection and can last 3 to 7 days. Most people recover on their own at home, but some may experience complications like dehydration or reactive arthritis.

Treating Salmonella Infection

Treatment for salmonella poisoning typically focuses on staying hydrated and replacing lost electrolytes. Drink plenty of water and other fluids, and consider using a rehydration liquid like Pedialyte. In severe cases, your doctor may recommend:

• Anti-diarrheal medication (e.g., loperamide)

• Antibiotics for severe illness

• Intravenous (IV) fluids for dehydration

Preventing Salmonella Infection

To reduce your risk of getting salmonella, follow these tips:

• Cook meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly

• Wash raw fruits and vegetables well

• Avoid unpasteurized milk and juice

• Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the bathroom or handling animals

• Keep kitchen surfaces clean and avoid cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods

If you suspect you have salmonella infection and your symptoms persist for more than a week or become severe, consult your healthcare provider. For more information, visit the Mayo Clinic or World Health Organization websites.