Doctronic

Understanding Radiation Therapy for Cancer: Side Effects and Management

Alan Lucks | MD

Medically reviewed by Alan Lucks | MD, Alan Lucks MDPC Private Practice - New York on September 12th, 2023.

Key Takeaways

  • External beam radiation delivers precise doses measured in Gray (Gy) units, with most cancer treatments requiring 1.8-2 Gy per session over 5-7 weeks to reach total doses of 45-70 Gy.
  • Acute side effects typically begin 2-3 weeks into treatment and peak 1-2 weeks after completion, while late effects can emerge 6 months to several years later, potentially affecting organs near the treatment site.
  • Skin reactions progress from mild redness to dry desquamation (peeling) in 90% of patients, with 10-15% developing moist desquamation requiring specialized wound care and treatment breaks.
  • Concurrent chemotherapy increases side effect severity by 20-30%, particularly for mucositis and fatigue, requiring closer monitoring and potentially modified dosing schedules.
  • Fatigue affects 80-96% of patients and can persist for 2-6 months post-treatment, often requiring structured exercise programs and sleep hygiene measures for optimal recovery.

Radiation therapy is a common treatment for cancer that uses high-energy waves to destroy or damage cancer cells. While it can be an effective way to treat cancer, it can also cause side effects. The type and severity of side effects you experience will depend on factors such as the type and amount of radiation you receive, the part of your body being treated, and your overall health.

Common Early Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

The most common early side effects of radiation therapy include:

  • Fatigue

  • Skin problems (redness, swelling, itching, peeling)

  • Hair loss (only if radiation is given to the scalp or brain)

  • Eating problems (loss of appetite, difficulty swallowing)

  • Mouth problems (sores, lack of saliva, thick saliva, jaw stiffness)

  • Hearing problems

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Diarrhea

  • Fertility and sexual issues

These side effects usually begin during treatment or shortly after and may last for several weeks after treatment ends. However, they typically improve over time.

Understanding Radiation Therapy for Cancer: Side Effects and Management

Tips for Managing Fatigue

Fatigue is one of the most common side effects of radiation therapy. To help manage fatigue:

  • Take care of your health by getting plenty of rest, staying active, and eating a healthy diet

  • Work with a counselor or take a class to learn ways to conserve energy and reduce stress

  • Prioritize important activities and tackle them when you have the most energy

  • Find a balance between rest and activity

  • Ask for help from family and friends

  • Talk to your employer about adjusting your work schedule or taking time off if needed

Caring for Your Skin During Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy can cause skin problems similar to a sunburn. To care for your skin during treatment:

  • Wear loose, soft clothing over the treatment area

  • Clean the skin gently with mild soap and lukewarm water

  • Avoid applying anything hot or cold to the skin unless directed by your doctor

  • Use cornstarch to help relieve itching

  • Protect your skin from the sun by covering the treatment area and using sunscreen

  • Use aveeno oatmeal products

  • Avoid wearing tight clothing or underwire bras if you are receiving radiation to the breast

Potential Late Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

In addition to early side effects, radiation therapy can also cause late side effects that may not appear until months or years after treatment. These can include:

  • Damage to organs such as the lungs or heart

  • Bladder, bowel, fertility, and sexual problems

  • Increased risk of developing a second cancer

It's important to discuss the potential risks and benefits of radiation therapy with your doctor before beginning treatment.

When to Contact Your Doctor

If you are experiencing side effects from radiation therapy that are impacting your quality of life, don't hesitate to contact your doctor or healthcare team. They can offer advice and treatment options to help manage your symptoms and make you more comfortable.

Remember, everyone responds differently to radiation therapy. By working closely with your healthcare team and taking steps to manage side effects, you can improve your quality of life during treatment.

For more information about radiation therapy and its side effects, visit:

The Bottom Line

Most side effects are manageable with proper care and typically resolve within 2-6 months after completing treatment, though vigilance for late effects remains important long-term. Following your care team's skin protection and energy management guidelines significantly improves your treatment experience and recovery. If you're experiencing concerning symptoms during or after treatment, Doctronic can provide quick guidance on when to seek immediate care.

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