Polymyositis is a type of inflammatory myopathy, a disease that causes inflammation and weakness in the muscles that help you move. It usually affects the muscles in your thighs and upper arms, causing pain and weakness on both sides of your body. This chronic condition can make everyday activities like climbing stairs or getting out of a chair difficult.
The exact cause of polymyositis is unknown, but research suggests it may be similar to an autoimmune disorder. In autoimmune disorders, your immune system mistakenly attacks your own tissues. Risk factors for developing polymyositis include:
Having an autoimmune condition like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, or Sjögren's syndrome
Being diagnosed with HIV or AIDS
Age (most people are diagnosed between 30 and 60)
Gender (women are more likely to develop polymyositis than men)
The main symptoms of polymyositis include:
Muscle weakness on both sides of the body, particularly in the hips, shoulders, thighs, upper arms, upper back, and neck
Difficulty lifting arms overhead, walking up stairs, rising from a chair, or carrying objects
Trouble swallowing food
Muscle aches
Fever
Weight loss
Fatigue
Joint pain
Trouble breathing
Symptoms usually develop slowly over 3-6 months, but in rare cases, they may come on quickly.
Diagnosing polymyositis can be challenging, as there are no simple tests. Your doctor will take your medical history, assess your muscle strength, and may order tests such as:
Blood tests to check for signs of muscle damage
Electromyography (EMG) to evaluate the electrical activity in your muscles
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to create detailed images of your muscles
Muscle biopsy to examine muscle tissue for inflammation
While there is no cure for polymyositis, various treatments can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life:
Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and relieve pain
Immunosuppressants to prevent the immune system from attacking healthy tissues
Physical therapy to improve strength and mobility
Speech therapy to address speaking difficulties caused by weakened muscles
Nutritional counseling to ensure a balanced diet despite chewing and swallowing issues
Regular blood infusions of healthy antibodies (immunoglobulins) to protect muscles from autoimmune attacks
Braces and assistive devices to help with mobility
It's essential to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses your specific needs and helps you manage your polymyositis symptoms.
Living with a chronic condition like polymyositis can be challenging. In addition to medical treatment, it's important to take care of your emotional well-being. Consider joining a support group or seeking counseling to help you cope with the physical and emotional aspects of the disease.
Remember, with proper treatment and management, many people with polymyositis can lead fulfilling lives. Don't hesitate to reach out to your healthcare team or other resources for support and guidance.
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