Polio, a highly infectious disease caused by a virus, was once the leading cause of disability in the United States. Thanks to the introduction of the polio vaccine in 1955, the disease has been eradicated in the U.S. However, polio still remains a threat in some developing countries, and until it is eradicated worldwide, the risk of it spreading to the U.S. persists. This is why polio vaccination continues to be one of the recommended childhood immunizations.
Since 2000, the U.S. has been using the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), which is made from an inactive form of the poliovirus that cannot cause polio. The IPV is given as a shot in the arm or leg and may be administered simultaneously with other vaccinations.
Children should receive four doses of IPV at the following ages:
2 months
4 months
6-18 months
4-6 years (booster dose)
Most adults do not need routine polio vaccination as they were likely vaccinated during childhood. However, three groups of adults at higher risk for exposure to the poliovirus should consider vaccination:
Travelers to areas where polio is still common
Laboratory workers handling specimens that might contain polioviruses
Health care workers in close contact with potential poliovirus-infected individuals
Adults who have never been vaccinated against polio should receive three doses of IPV:
The first dose at any time
The second dose 1 to 2 months later
The third dose 6 to 12 months after the second
Those who have received one or two doses in the past should complete the remaining doses, regardless of the time elapsed since the previous dose(s).
You should not receive the polio vaccine if you have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose or to the antibiotics streptomycin, polymyxin B, or neomycin. Pregnant women should avoid the vaccine if possible, but those at high risk should consult their doctors about receiving IPV. People who are moderately or severely ill should wait until they have recovered before getting the vaccine.
The polio vaccine is generally very safe, with most people experiencing no side effects at all. Some may develop a sore, red spot at the injection site. Although the risk of serious harm from the vaccine is extremely small, like any medicine, it could potentially cause severe allergic reactions. If you have any concerns, consult your healthcare provider.
By ensuring your child receives the recommended doses of the polio vaccine, you are protecting them against a potentially life-altering disease. If you have any questions or concerns about the polio vaccination, do not hesitate to discuss them with your pediatrician or family doctor. Together, we can work towards a world free from the threat of polio.
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