Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis, an illness characterized by diarrhea and vomiting. It is the most common cause of stomach flu worldwide and can affect people of all ages. The virus spreads easily through contaminated food, drink, surfaces, and close contact with infected individuals.
Norovirus is typically spread through:
Consuming contaminated food or drink
Touching contaminated surfaces and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes
Close contact with an infected person
The virus thrives in crowded settings like restaurants, daycare centers, and nursing homes. Young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of infection and complications.
Norovirus symptoms usually appear 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can include:
Nausea and vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Stomach cramps
Low-grade fever
Headache and body aches
Fatigue
Symptoms typically last 1 to 3 days, but you can remain contagious for up to 2 weeks after recovery.
Doctors usually diagnose norovirus based on symptoms, but a stool test can confirm the presence of the virus. There is no specific treatment for norovirus, as antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. The best course of action is to manage symptoms by:
Drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
Getting ample rest
Eating soft, bland foods as tolerated
If you experience severe dehydration, seek medical attention, as intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary.
To reduce your risk of contracting or spreading norovirus:
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom or changing diapers and before preparing or eating food.
Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces with a mixture of detergent and chlorine bleach.
Wash raw fruits and vegetables thoroughly before consuming.
Cook oysters and other shellfish before eating.
Stay home from work or school if you are infected, and avoid preparing food for others.
By following these prevention methods and maintaining good hygiene practices, you can help minimize the spread of norovirus and protect yourself and others from this common illness.
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