Understanding Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, a network of nodes and vessels that helps the body fight infections. This article provides an easy-to-understand overview of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

What is the Lymphatic System?

The lymphatic system is a crucial part of the body's immune system. It consists of lymph nodes, which are small, bean-shaped structures connected by vessels. The lymph nodes act as filters, removing foreign organisms and cells from the body. Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, help fight infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs when lymph node cells or lymphocytes begin to multiply uncontrollably, producing cancerous cells that can invade other tissues throughout the body. It is more common than Hodgkin lymphoma and is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is unknown, several factors may increase the risk of developing the disease, including:

• Inherited immune deficiencies

• Genetic syndromes, such as Down syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome

• Immune disorders and their treatments, such as Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus

• Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease

• Exposure to certain bacteria and viruses, such as Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Epstein Barr virus

• Regular exposure to chemicals, including insect and weed killers, and chemicals used in farming, welding, and lumber industries

• Treatment with immunosuppressant drugs or chemotherapy and radiation for prior cancer diagnoses

Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma may include:

• Swollen, painless lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin

• Persistent fatigue

• Fever

• Night sweats

• Unexplained weight loss

• Itchy skin

• Shortness of breath

• Abdominal pain or swelling

Treatment Options

Treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma depends on the subtype, stage, and overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation therapy

• Immunotherapy

• Targeted therapy

• Stem cell transplantation

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, it is essential to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan. For more information, consult with your doctor or visit reputable websites such as the American Cancer Society, The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, or the Lymphoma Research Foundation.