Understanding and Treating Nail Fungus and Ingrown Toenails

Nail fungus and ingrown toenails are two common foot problems that can cause discomfort and even lead to more serious health issues. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for these conditions can help you keep your nails healthy and avoid complications.

What is Nail Fungus?

Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a condition that occurs when a microscopic fungus enters either a fingernail or toenail. While anyone can get nail fungus, it is more common in people over age 60 and those with diabetes or a weakened immune system. Nail fungus is not caused by poor hygiene and can be spread from person to person.

Symptoms of Nail Fungus

Thick, discolored nails
Uncommon pain in toes or fingertips

Diagnosing Nail Fungus

Your doctor may diagnose nail fungus by examining your nails and scraping some debris from under the nail to look at it under a microscope or send it to a lab for testing.

Treating Nail Fungus

Treatment for nail fungus may include:

Topical creams, gels, or nail lacquers
Oral medications (antifungal drugs)
Rarely, surgery to remove the infected nail

Preventing Nail Fungus

To prevent getting a nail fungus infection:

Avoid walking barefoot in public areas, such as locker rooms
Keep the inside of your shoes dry and change socks frequently (100% cotton socks are recommended)
Wear shoes that fit properly (shoes with a wide toe area and ones that don't press your toes)
Use absorbent or antifungal powder

What are Ingrown Toenails?

Ingrown toenails occur when the corner or side of the nail grows into the flesh of the toe, often affecting the big toe. This common condition can cause pain, redness, swelling, and even infection.

Causes of Ingrown Toenails

Cutting the nails too short or not straight across
Injury to the toenail
Wearing shoes that crowd the toenails

Treating Ingrown Toenails

In mild cases, ingrown toenails may be treated with a 15-20-minute soak in warm water and placing dry cotton under the corner of the nail. If you experience increasing pain, swelling, or drainage, consult your doctor. Minor surgery can be performed to remove the part of the nail that is poking into the skin.

Preventing Ingrown Toenails

You can prevent ingrown toenails by:

Wearing shoes that fit properly
Keeping toenails at a moderate length and trimming them straight across

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By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for nail fungus and ingrown toenails, you can take steps to keep your nails healthy and avoid these common foot problems.