Molluscum Contagiosum: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral skin infection that most often affects children, but adults with weakened immune systems can also get it. The infection causes small, raised, pearl-like bumps (papules) on the skin that can last for a few months or up to a few years.

Symptoms of Molluscum Contagiosum

The bumps caused by molluscum contagiosum usually appear on the face, trunk, and limbs of children and on the genitals, abdomen, and inner thighs of adults. These bumps are typically:

• Painless but can sometimes itch

• Small (2 to 5 millimeters in diameter)

• Firm, dome-shaped, and flesh-colored at first

• Softer with time

• Red and may drain over time

• Filled with a central core of white, waxy material

Causes of Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus, which is part of the pox virus family. The infection can spread through:

• Direct contact with an infected person

• Sexual contact with an infected person

• Rubbing or scratching the bumps

Diagnosing Molluscum Contagiosum

A doctor can usually diagnose molluscum contagiosum based on the appearance of the bumps. If there is any uncertainty, a skin biopsy can confirm the diagnosis. Your doctor may also check for other health problems if they suspect any underlying issues.

Treating Molluscum Contagiosum

In many cases, molluscum contagiosum will go away on its own without treatment. However, if you want to remove the bumps, your doctor can do so by scraping or freezing them, although this may leave scars. Topical medications, such as those used for wart removal, can also help eliminate the papules.

Preventing Molluscum Contagiosum

To reduce your risk of getting molluscum contagiosum, follow these tips:

• Avoid direct skin-to-skin contact with anyone who may have the condition

• Treat eczema in children, as it can make them more susceptible to the infection

• Practice safe sex or maintain a monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner (condoms do not provide full protection as the virus can reach areas not covered by the condom)

If you suspect that you or your child has molluscum contagiosum, consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options. With proper care and attention, most cases of molluscum contagiosum resolve within 6 to 9 months.

For more information on molluscum contagiosum, visit:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• American Academy of Dermatology Association

• National Health Service (NHS) UK