Kratom: Uses, Effects, and Safety Concerns

Kratom is a tree native to Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Its leaves have been used traditionally as medicine, but in recent years, kratom has gained popularity as a recreational drug. While some people believe in its potential benefits, doctors and regulatory agencies have raised concerns about its safety and possible addictive properties.

How Does Kratom Work?

Doctors believe that certain substances in kratom leaves attach to the same nerve cell receptors as opioid painkillers, creating similar effects in the brain. However, there is a lack of detailed studies on the exact mechanisms of action and the reasons behind its effects.

Traditional and Modern Uses of Kratom

Traditionally, people in Southeast Asia chewed kratom leaves, brewed them into tea, or used them in cooking. Today, kratom is often consumed in the form of pills, or the leaves are crushed and smoked like tobacco or marijuana. The effects of kratom can vary depending on the dosage:

• Low doses: Kratom acts as a stimulant, increasing energy levels.

• High doses: Kratom can cause sleepiness or induce a dreamlike state.

Potential Side Effects and Risks

Kratom use can lead to several side effects, including:

• Nausea and constipation

• Muscle tremors and itching

• Sweating and dizziness

• Dry mouth and seizures

• Hallucinations and liver damage

Additionally, some regular kratom users have reported withdrawal symptoms when stopping, such as pain, sleeping problems, diarrhea, and fevers. Others have experienced emotional symptoms like nervousness, tension, anger, or sadness when not taking kratom.

Safety Concerns and Legal Status

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expressed serious concerns about the safety of kratom, stating that more research is needed to determine its safety and potential medical value. The agency has also cracked down on companies selling kratom as a treatment for opioid withdrawal and other conditions.

The FDA has reported at least 44 deaths among kratom users, although many of these cases involved the use of other drugs or contaminated kratom products. The agency warns that some kratom products may be tainted with harmful bacteria like salmonella.

Due to safety concerns, several states have banned kratom products, and it is considered a controlled substance in countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Australia, and some European nations. In 2016, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) proposed a federal ban on kratom but later withdrew the proposal to allow more time for scientific research.

Conclusion

While kratom has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia and has gained popularity as a recreational drug, its safety and potential benefits remain unclear. The lack of detailed studies, along with concerns raised by medical professionals and regulatory agencies, highlights the need for further research to understand the effects and risks associated with kratom use. Until more is known, it is essential to exercise caution and be aware of the potential side effects and legal status of kratom in your area.

For more information on kratom and its effects, please consult the following resources:

• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) - Kratom

• Mayo Clinic - Kratom: Unsafe and ineffective

• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) - Kratom DrugFacts