Impetigo: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention

Impetigo is a common bacterial skin infection that can affect people of all ages, but is most often seen in babies and young children. It causes itchy sores or blisters to form on exposed skin, typically around the nose or mouth. If you or your child develops red sores, it's important to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for impetigo.

Types of Impetigo

There are three main types of impetigo:

• Non-bullous impetigo: This is the most common type, causing tiny blisters around the nose and mouth that itch and eventually form crusty, golden scabs.

• Bullous impetigo: This type causes large, fluid-filled blisters that appear from the neck to the waist and can spread quickly.

• Ecthyma: If left untreated, impetigo can develop into this more serious form that causes painful sores and ulcers.

Causes and Risk Factors

Impetigo is caused by bacteria, most commonly Staphylococcus aureus or group A streptococcus. The infection occurs when these bacteria enter the body through a break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, or insect bite. Certain factors can increase the risk of developing impetigo, including:

• Age (most common in children ages 2-5)

• Warm, humid climates

• Crowded living conditions (e.g., schools, daycares)

• Weakened immune system

• Other skin conditions (e.g., eczema, scabies)

Symptoms of Impetigo

The symptoms of impetigo can vary depending on the type and the individual's skin tone. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Red, itchy sores that burst and leave behind a yellow, crusty scab

• Fluid-filled blisters that may be painful

• Swollen lymph nodes

• Fever (in more severe cases)

Diagnosing and Treating Impetigo

If you suspect that you or your child has impetigo, it's important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. In most cases, a physical exam is sufficient, but your doctor may take a sample of the fluid from the sores to determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment for impetigo typically involves antibiotics, either in the form of a topical cream or oral medication. It's important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if the sores begin to heal before the medication is finished.

Preventing the Spread of Impetigo

Impetigo is highly contagious, so it's important to take steps to prevent the spread of the infection. Some tips include:

• Keeping the sores covered with a bandage

• Washing hands frequently

• Avoiding close contact with others until the sores have healed

• Not sharing personal items (e.g., towels, clothing)

• Disinfecting toys and other surfaces that may have come into contact with the sores

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for impetigo, you can take steps to protect yourself and your family from this common skin infection. If you have concerns about impetigo or any other skin condition, don't hesitate to consult with a dermatologist or other healthcare provider for personalized advice and treatment options.

For more information about impetigo and other common skin conditions, visit the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases website.