Medically reviewed by Alan Lucks | MD, Alan Lucks MDPC Private Practice - New York on June 18th, 2023.
IgA nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease that affects the filtering units (glomeruli) inside the kidneys. This disorder is caused by the buildup of immune complexes and a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) within the glomeruli. If left untreated, IgA nephropathy can lead to progressive kidney damage and, eventually, end-stage renal disease.
The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is not well understood. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of this disorder. IgA is a normal part of the body's immune system, but in some individuals, the immune system may trigger the formation of IgA deposits and other immune protein complexes in the glomeruli.
The symptoms of IgA nephropathy may include:
Blood and protein in the urine
Swelling in the hands and feet
High blood pressure
Progressive kidney disease
Certain risk factors may contribute to the progression of IgA nephropathy, including:
High blood pressure
Smoking
Excess weight or obesity
Managing these risk factors can help slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications.
While there is no cure for IgA nephropathy, treatment focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and preventing complications. Treatment options may include:
Managing high blood pressure with medications
Limiting protein intake to reduce waste buildup in the blood
Losing excess weight to reduce proteinuria and kidney damage
Quitting smoking to protect blood vessels in the kidneys
Using medications such as steroids, immunosuppressants, or biologic drugs to reduce kidney damage and disease progression
If IgA nephropathy progresses to end-stage renal disease, patients may require dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Several organizations offer support and information for patients with IgA nephropathy, including:
By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for IgA nephropathy, patients can work with their healthcare providers to manage this chronic kidney disease and maintain their quality of life.
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