Understanding IgA Nephropathy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

IgA nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease that affects the filtering units (glomeruli) inside the kidneys. This disorder is caused by the buildup of immune complexes and a protein called immunoglobulin A (IgA) within the glomeruli. If left untreated, IgA nephropathy can lead to progressive kidney damage and, eventually, end-stage renal disease.

What Causes IgA Nephropathy?

The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is not well understood. However, researchers believe that a combination of genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of this disorder. IgA is a normal part of the body's immune system, but in some individuals, the immune system may trigger the formation of IgA deposits and other immune protein complexes in the glomeruli.

Symptoms of IgA Nephropathy

The symptoms of IgA nephropathy may include:

• Blood and protein in the urine

• Swelling in the hands and feet

• High blood pressure

• Progressive kidney disease

Risk Factors for IgA Nephropathy

Certain risk factors may contribute to the progression of IgA nephropathy, including:

• High blood pressure

• Smoking

• Excess weight or obesity

Managing these risk factors can help slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications.

Treatment Options for IgA Nephropathy

While there is no cure for IgA nephropathy, treatment focuses on slowing the progression of the disease and preventing complications. Treatment options may include:

• Managing high blood pressure with medications

• Limiting protein intake to reduce waste buildup in the blood

• Losing excess weight to reduce proteinuria and kidney damage

• Quitting smoking to protect blood vessels in the kidneys

• Using medications such as steroids, immunosuppressants, or biologic drugs to reduce kidney damage and disease progression

If IgA nephropathy progresses to end-stage renal disease, patients may require dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Resources for Patients with IgA Nephropathy

Several organizations offer support and information for patients with IgA nephropathy, including:

• American Kidney Fund

• IgA Nephropathy Support Network

• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Information Center

• National Kidney Foundation

By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for IgA nephropathy, patients can work with their healthcare providers to manage this chronic kidney disease and maintain their quality of life.