Genital Warts: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Both men and women can get genital warts, but the symptoms may differ. Here's what you need to know about genital warts, including causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Symptoms of Genital Warts in Women

In women, genital warts typically appear:

• In and around the vagina, vulva, or anus

• On the cervix

The warts may be very small or form large clusters. They can be reddish or white in color. Some women with genital warts may not experience any symptoms at all.

Symptoms of Genital Warts in Men

In men, genital warts usually appear:

• On the penis or scrotum

• Around the anus

Both men and women can also develop genital warts on the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat.

Causes of Genital Warts

Genital warts are caused by certain types of HPV, particularly types 6 and 11. These types are considered low-risk HPV because they rarely cause cancer. HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, usually during sexual activity.

Diagnosis and Testing

There is no routine test for low-risk HPV in women. Your doctor will need to perform a visual examination to diagnose genital warts. In men, there is no reliable test to detect the virus that causes genital warts. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important for early detection.

What to Expect During an Exam

During an examination for genital warts, your doctor may:

• Ask about your sexual history and practices

• Inquire about any symptoms you're experiencing

• Perform a physical examination of the genital area

• Take a biopsy of any suspicious warts

• Test for other STIs, such as HIV and syphilis

Treatment Options

There are several treatment options available for genital warts, including:

• Topical medications

• Cryotherapy (freezing the warts)

• Laser therapy

• Surgical removal

Your doctor will recommend the best treatment option based on the location, size, and number of warts present.

Prevention and Protection

To reduce your risk of contracting genital warts and other STIs:

• Practice safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly

• Limit your number of sexual partners

• Get vaccinated against HPV (available for both men and women)

• Have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

If you or your partner experience any symptoms of genital warts, such as abnormal discharge, burning, pain, or bleeding during urination or sex, see your doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing genital warts and preventing complications.