Genital Warts: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Creator: Doctronic
Published: 2024-02-22

Key Takeaways

HPV types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts cases and are considered low-risk because they rarely progress to cancer, unlike high-risk types 16 and 18.
Warts typically appear 2-3 months after infection as small, cauliflower-like growths that can multiply and cluster together, sometimes becoming large enough to obstruct urination or childbirth.
The virus spreads through direct skin contact even when condoms are used, since they don't cover all potentially infected areas—up to 75% of sexually active adults will contract some form of HPV.
Imiquimod cream applied 3 times weekly for up to 16 weeks has a 50-60% clearance rate, while cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen typically requires 2-4 treatments spaced 1-2 weeks apart.
The 9-valent HPV vaccine (Gardasil 9) prevents infection from the strains causing 90% of genital warts and is most effective when given before sexual activity begins, though it's approved through age 45.

Genital warts are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Both men and women can get genital warts, but the symptoms may differ. Here's what you need to know about genital warts, including causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

Symptoms of Genital Warts in Women

In women, genital warts typically appear:

In and around the vagina, vulva, or anus
On the cervix

The warts may be very small or form large clusters. They can be reddish or white in color. Some women with genital warts may not experience any symptoms at all.

Symptoms of Genital Warts in Men

In men, genital warts usually appear:

On the penis or scrotum
Around the anus

Both men and women can also develop genital warts on the lips, mouth, tongue, and throat.

Genital Warts: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Causes of Genital Warts

Genital warts are caused by certain types of HPV, particularly types 6 and 11. These types are considered low-risk HPV because they rarely cause cancer. HPV is spread through skin-to-skin contact, usually during sexual activity.

Diagnosis and Testing

There is no routine test for low-risk HPV in women. Your doctor will need to perform a visual examination to diagnose genital warts. In men, there is no reliable test to detect the virus that causes genital warts. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important for early detection.

What to Expect During an Exam

During an examination for genital warts, your doctor may:

Ask about your sexual history and practices
Inquire about any symptoms you're experiencing
Perform a physical examination of the genital area
Take a biopsy of any suspicious warts
Test for other STIs, such as HIV and syphilis

Treatment Options

There are several treatment options available for genital warts, including:

Topical medications
Cryotherapy (freezing the warts)
Laser therapy
Surgical removal

Your doctor will recommend the best treatment option based on the location, size, and number of warts present.

Prevention and Protection

To reduce your risk of contracting genital warts and other STIs:

Practice safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly
Limit your number of sexual partners
Get vaccinated against HPV (available for both men and women)
Have regular check-ups with your healthcare provider

If you or your partner experience any symptoms of genital warts, such as abnormal discharge, burning, pain, or bleeding during urination or sex, see your doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing genital warts and preventing complications.

The Bottom Line

While the underlying HPV infection persists lifelong, visible warts can be successfully treated with topical medications or in-office procedures, with many cases clearing spontaneously within 2 years. Prevention through vaccination remains the most effective strategy, especially for those under 26. If you notice unusual growths in the genital area, Doctronic can help you get a proper evaluation and discuss treatment options.