Gastritis is a common condition that affects the stomach lining, causing inflammation, irritation, or erosion. It can develop suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually over time (chronic gastritis). While gastritis can be uncomfortable, it is often treatable with lifestyle changes and medication.
Several factors can contribute to the development of gastritis, including:
Bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
Excessive alcohol consumption
Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Stress and anxiety
Autoimmune disorders
Bile reflux
As people age, their stomach lining may become thinner, making them more susceptible to gastritis.
Gastritis symptoms can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. Common signs of gastritis include:
Indigestion and stomach pain
Nausea and vomiting
Bloating and gas
Loss of appetite
Hiccups
In more severe cases, gastritis can lead to bleeding ulcers, which may cause vomiting of blood or dark, tarry stools.
To diagnose gastritis, your doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also recommend tests such as:
Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series or barium swallow
Upper endoscopy with biopsy
Blood tests to check for anemia and H. pylori infection
Stool tests to check for blood in the stool
Breath test for H. pylori infection
Treatment for gastritis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:
Antacids to neutralize stomach acid
H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid production
Proton pump inhibitors to block stomach acid production
Antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections
Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage caused by gastritis, such as bleeding ulcers or intestinal blockages.
To reduce your risk of developing gastritis, consider the following tips:
Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of H. pylori bacteria
Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption
Use NSAIDs only as directed and avoid overuse
Manage stress through relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga
Avoid foods and drinks that irritate your stomach, such as spicy or greasy foods
If you experience persistent or severe gastritis symptoms, consult your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. With proper care and management, most people with gastritis can find relief and prevent complications.
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