Understanding Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Gastritis is a common condition that affects the stomach lining, causing inflammation, irritation, or erosion. It can develop suddenly (acute gastritis) or gradually over time (chronic gastritis). While gastritis can be uncomfortable, it is often treatable with lifestyle changes and medication.

What Causes Gastritis?

Several factors can contribute to the development of gastritis, including:

• Bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

• Excessive alcohol consumption

• Overuse of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

• Stress and anxiety

• Autoimmune disorders

• Bile reflux

As people age, their stomach lining may become thinner, making them more susceptible to gastritis.

Symptoms of Gastritis

Gastritis symptoms can vary from person to person, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all. Common signs of gastritis include:

• Indigestion and stomach pain

• Nausea and vomiting

• Bloating and gas

• Loss of appetite

• Hiccups

In more severe cases, gastritis can lead to bleeding ulcers, which may cause vomiting of blood or dark, tarry stools.

Diagnosing Gastritis

To diagnose gastritis, your doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also recommend tests such as:

• Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series or barium swallow

• Upper endoscopy with biopsy

• Blood tests to check for anemia and H. pylori infection

• Stool tests to check for blood in the stool

• Breath test for H. pylori infection

Treatment Options for Gastritis

Treatment for gastritis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Antacids to neutralize stomach acid

• H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid production

• Proton pump inhibitors to block stomach acid production

• Antibiotics to treat H. pylori infections

• Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption

In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage caused by gastritis, such as bleeding ulcers or intestinal blockages.

Preventing Gastritis

To reduce your risk of developing gastritis, consider the following tips:

• Practice good hygiene to prevent the spread of H. pylori bacteria

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption

• Use NSAIDs only as directed and avoid overuse

• Manage stress through relaxation techniques like meditation or yoga

• Avoid foods and drinks that irritate your stomach, such as spicy or greasy foods

If you experience persistent or severe gastritis symptoms, consult your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan. With proper care and management, most people with gastritis can find relief and prevent complications.

For more information on gastritis and digestive health, visit:

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Gastritis

• Mayo Clinic - Gastritis

• Harvard Health Publishing - Gastritis