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Frozen Shoulder: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition that causes pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint, making it difficult to move. If you're experiencing shoulder pain and limited mobility, it's essential to understand the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for frozen shoulder.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder

The main symptoms of frozen shoulder include:

  • Dull or aching pain in the shoulder

  • Stiffness and limited range of motion

  • Pain that worsens at night, affecting sleep

Frozen shoulder typically progresses through three stages:

  1. Freezing stage (6-9 months): Pain gradually increases, and shoulder movement becomes limited.

  2. Frozen stage (4-12 months): Pain may lessen, but stiffness worsens, making daily activities challenging.

  3. Thawing stage (5 months to 2 years): Range of motion slowly improves.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but several factors can increase your risk:

  • Age (40-60 years old)

  • Gender (more common in women)

  • Prolonged immobilization due to injury or surgery

  • Certain medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease, thyroid disorders, Parkinson's disease)

Diagnosing Frozen Shoulder

To diagnose frozen shoulder, your doctor will perform a physical exam, assessing your shoulder's range of motion and pain levels. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI may be ordered to rule out other conditions, such as arthritis or a torn rotator cuff.

Treatment Options for Frozen Shoulder

While frozen shoulder often improves on its own, treatment can help manage pain and improve mobility. Treatment options include:

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers (NSAIDs)

  • Prescription medications

  • Corticosteroid injections

  • Joint distension (injecting sterile water into the shoulder capsule)

  • Physical therapy

  • Surgery (in rare cases)

Home Remedies and Exercises

In addition to medical treatment, home remedies and exercises can help ease symptoms and improve mobility:

  • Applying hot or cold compresses

  • Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy

  • Gentle stretching exercises (pendulum stretch, cross-body reach, towel stretch, outward and inward rotation)

It's important to consult with your doctor before starting any exercise program for frozen shoulder.

Sleeping with Frozen Shoulder

Sleeping with frozen shoulder can be challenging, but these tips may help:

  • Use proper head and neck support

  • Sleep with extra pillows to keep your shoulders aligned

  • Rest your arms by your side when sleeping on your back

  • Apply heat before bed to increase blood flow and relieve pain

If you suspect you have frozen shoulder, consult your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. With proper care and patience, most people with frozen shoulder can regain their shoulder mobility and return to their daily activities.

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