Understanding Endometrial Cancer: Causes, Types, and Survival Rates

Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is the most common type of uterine cancer. If left untreated, endometrial cancer can spread to nearby organs like the bladder, rectum, or vagina, or even to more distant parts of the body. However, with regular checkups, endometrial cancer is usually found early, before it has spread very far.

Types of Endometrial Cancer

There are two main types of endometrial cancer: type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 Endometrial Cancer

About 80% of endometrial cancers are type 1. This type usually grows and spreads slowly. Experts believe it is caused by having too much of the hormone estrogen. The prognosis for people with type 1 endometrial cancer is usually good.

Type 2 Endometrial Cancer

Up to 20% of endometrial cancers are type 2. This type is more likely to grow and spread outside of the uterus. The prognosis for type 2 endometrial cancer is not as good as for type 1, and it usually requires more intense treatment.

Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer

Certain factors can increase your risk of developing endometrial cancer, including:

• Being over age 40

• Getting your first period at a young age

• Going through menopause later in life

• Being obese

• Having diabetes or high blood pressure

• Having few or no children

• Having a history of infertility or irregular periods

• Having a family history of endometrial, colorectal, or breast cancer

• Taking the drug tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment or prevention

• Taking estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy

• Having certain rare ovarian tumors that produce estrogen

• Eating a high-fat diet, especially one high in red meat

Survival Rates for Endometrial Cancer

The survival rate for endometrial cancer depends on how far the cancer has spread at the time of diagnosis. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year relative survival rates are:

• 96% for localized endometrial cancer (cancer that has not spread beyond the uterus)

• 71% for regional endometrial cancer (cancer that has spread to nearby areas or lymph nodes)

• 20% for distant endometrial cancer (cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body like the lungs, liver, or bones)

It's important to remember that these numbers are averages and that many factors, such as age, overall health, and response to treatment, can affect an individual's prognosis.

Preventing Endometrial Cancer

While most cases of endometrial cancer cannot be prevented, there are steps you can take to lower your risk:

• Taking birth control pills (talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits)

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Eating a healthy diet

• Exercising regularly

If you have any concerns about your risk for endometrial cancer, talk to your doctor. Regular checkups and early detection are key to successful treatment.

For more information about endometrial cancer, visit these trusted resources:

• American Cancer Society - Endometrial Cancer

• Mayo Clinic - Endometrial Cancer

• National Cancer Institute - Endometrial Cancer Treatment