Cyclic migraines, sometimes mistakenly called cluster migraines, are a type of migraine that occurs in cycles. Unlike regular migraines, cyclic migraines have distinct characteristics in terms of duration and treatment. In this article, we'll explore the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and management of cyclic migraines.
Cyclic migraines typically occur every day or several times a week for 1 to 6 weeks, with low-grade head pain between attacks. On average, people with cyclic migraines experience about 10 attacks per month, lasting anywhere from a few hours up to 2 days. The average attack lasts about 6 hours and is followed by an "off cycle" that can last for weeks or months.
Symptoms of cyclic migraines may include:
Pain on one or both sides of the head
Auras or vision disturbances before the onset of the migraine
Tiredness
Difficulty concentrating
Stiff neck
Nausea and vomiting
Sensitivity to light and sound
Depression (before or during an attack)
Cyclic migraines typically begin by the age of 20, with a higher prevalence in women. More than half of the people who experience cyclic migraines have a family history of migraines.
There is no single test to diagnose cyclic migraines. Your doctor will review your medical history and may order tests to rule out other causes, such as:
Blood tests to check for blood vessel problems and infections
MRI to examine your brain and blood vessels for tumors, bleeding, or other neurological issues
CT scan to check for brain damage
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture) to test for infections or bleeding in the brain
Your doctor will also ask detailed questions about your migraine history, including frequency, pain level, accompanying symptoms, and impact on daily life.
The exact cause of cyclic migraines is not fully understood, but two factors may play a role:
Changes in brain chemicals, such as a drop in serotonin levels during a migraine attack
Hormonal changes, particularly in women before or during their periods, pregnancy, or menopause
Additionally, changes in how the brain interacts with the trigeminal nerve and imbalances in brain chemicals may contribute to the development of cyclic migraines.
The most effective treatment for cyclic migraines is lithium carbonate, a prescription lithium salt that calms the central nervous system and acts as a mood stabilizer. Common side effects of lithium carbonate include drowsiness, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, slight hand tremors, increased urination, and thirst.
Your doctor may also prescribe indomethacin, an NSAID used to relieve pain. While most people can take this drug without side effects, some may experience an upset stomach, heartburn, indigestion, or nausea. If you have kidney or heart disease, consult your doctor before taking this medication.
Keeping a migraine journal can help you manage your attacks by tracking their frequency, duration, symptoms, pain levels, and triggers. Common triggers include stress, changes in sleep patterns, weather changes, dehydration, alcohol, certain foods, strong smells, and more. By identifying your triggers, you can take steps to avoid them and reduce the frequency of your migraines.
In conclusion, cyclic migraines can be a challenging condition to manage, but with the right diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle changes, it is possible to find relief. If you suspect you may have cyclic migraines, consult your doctor for a proper evaluation and personalized treatment plan.
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