Understanding Colorectal Cancer: Causes, Risks, and Prevention

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the large intestine. The colon is about 4 to 6 feet long, while the rectum is only 4 to 6 inches long. Colorectal cancer often starts as small growths called polyps that form in the inner lining of the colon or rectum.

What Causes Colorectal Cancer?

The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not known, but several factors can increase your risk, including:

• Personal or family history of colon polyps or colorectal cancer

• Inflammatory bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease

• Inherited genetic disorders, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome

• Diet high in red and processed meats and low in fruits and vegetables

• Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and heavy alcohol consumption

• Age, with risk increasing after age 50

Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms in its early stages. As the disease progresses, some common symptoms may include:

• Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool

• Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool

• Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating

• Weakness or fatigue

• Unintended weight loss

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to consult your healthcare provider for proper evaluation and diagnosis.

Preventing Colorectal Cancer

While some risk factors for colorectal cancer cannot be changed, such as age and family history, there are steps you can take to lower your risk:

• Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

• Limit consumption of red and processed meats

• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight

• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake

• Undergo regular colorectal cancer screening, especially if you are over 50 or have a family history of the disease

The Importance of Early Detection

Colorectal cancer is highly treatable when detected early. Regular screening can help find polyps before they become cancerous or detect cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective. The American Cancer Society recommends that people at average risk begin regular screening at age 45.

Several screening options are available, including colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool-based tests. Talk to your healthcare provider about which screening method is right for you based on your age, risk factors, and personal preferences.

Remember, early detection is key to improving colorectal cancer survival rates. By understanding the causes, risks, and prevention strategies, you can take steps to protect your colorectal health and reduce your risk of developing this disease.

For more information on colorectal cancer, visit:

• American Cancer Society - Colorectal Cancer

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Colorectal Cancer

• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Colon Polyps