Medically reviewed by Benjamin Seth Martinez | MD, Statpearls - Director of Clinical Content on March 14th, 2024.
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), also known as Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, is a type of blood cancer that affects the bone marrow, where blood cells are made. CML usually develops in middle-aged or older individuals and progresses gradually. With proper treatment, many people with CML can achieve remission, a state where the cancer is less active than before.
In most cases, the exact cause of CML is unknown. It is not typically inherited from parents or caused by infections, smoking, or diet. The only known risk factor is exposure to high levels of radiation.
CML has three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blastic. Symptoms may vary depending on the stage of the disease.
Fatigue
Weight loss
Fever
Increased fatigue
Fever
Bruising
Night sweats
Shortness of breath
Abdominal swelling or pain on the left side (enlarged spleen)
Bone pain
Infections
Bleeding
Skin changes (bumps, tumors)
Swollen glands
Bone pain
If you experience symptoms of CML, your doctor will perform a physical examination and may order the following tests:
Complete blood count (CBC)
Bone marrow test
FISH test (fluorescence in situ hybridization)
Ultrasound or CT scans
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
The goal of CML treatment is to destroy leukemia cells and restore healthy blood cell levels. Treatment options include:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): Bosutinib (Bosulif), Dasatinib (Sprycel), Imatinib (Gleevec), Nilotinib (Tasigna)
Chemotherapy
Biologic therapy (interferon)
Stem cell transplant
Your doctor will develop a personalized treatment plan based on the phase of your CML and your overall health. It's essential to follow your treatment plan, eat a healthy diet, and exercise when you feel up to it.
Living with CML can be challenging, but you don't have to face it alone. Reach out to family and friends for emotional support, and consider joining a support group to connect with others who have CML. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society offers valuable resources, including information on treatment, support services, and help for caregivers.
Remember, many people with CML live long lives with proper treatment and care. Work closely with your healthcare team, and don't hesitate to ask questions or seek a second opinion if needed.
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