Cervical Ectropion: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Cervical ectropion is a common condition that affects many women during their childbearing years. Despite its prevalence, it is often misunderstood and can cause concern for those who experience its symptoms. In this article, we will explore what cervical ectropion is, its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

What is Cervical Ectropion?

Cervical ectropion, also known as cervical eversion, ectropy, or erosion, occurs when the cells that normally line the inside of the cervix (the lower part of the uterus) grow on the outside. These cells, called glandular cells, are redder and more sensitive than the squamous cells that typically cover the outer portion of the cervix.

Causes and Risk Factors

Some women are born with cervical ectropion, while others may develop it later in life. The condition is most commonly associated with hormonal changes that cause estrogen levels to rise, such as:

• Puberty

• Pregnancy

• Use of birth control pills

Additionally, some studies suggest that women with the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia may be more likely to have cervical ectropion, although more research is needed to confirm this link.

Symptoms of Cervical Ectropion

Many women with cervical ectropion do not experience any symptoms. However, some may notice:

• Vaginal discharge, sometimes with streaks of blood

• Bleeding or spotting during or after sexual intercourse (up to 12 hours afterward)

• Pain during or after sexual intercourse

Diagnosis and Treatment

A healthcare provider can diagnose cervical ectropion during a routine pelvic exam using a speculum to visualize the cervix. The affected area will appear much redder than a typical cervix. To rule out more serious conditions like cervical cancer or sexually transmitted diseases, the provider may perform a Pap test, check for infections with a swab, or use a colposcope for a closer examination. In some cases, a tissue sample may be taken for further analysis.

Most women with cervical ectropion do not require treatment. Symptoms that begin during pregnancy usually resolve within 3 to 6 months after giving birth. If birth control pills are suspected to be the cause, switching to another form of contraception may alleviate symptoms.

For women who experience bothersome symptoms and desire treatment, healthcare providers may recommend one of the following options:

• Diathermy: A small tool is used to apply high heat to the affected cells, sealing them off.

• Cryotherapy (cryosurgery): A probe is used to freeze the cells on the cervix, effectively treating excessive discharge caused by cervical ectropion.

• Silver nitrate: This chemical is applied to the cervix to seal off the cells causing bleeding.

After treatment, mild pain similar to menstrual cramps and light bleeding or discharge may occur. Patients should avoid using tampons and refrain from sexual intercourse for approximately 4 weeks to allow the cervix to heal. It is essential to follow any specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider and attend recommended follow-up visits.

In conclusion, cervical ectropion is a benign condition that is common among women of childbearing age. While it may cause concerning symptoms for some, it is important to remember that it is not a sign of a more serious health problem, such as cervical cancer. If you experience symptoms related to cervical ectropion that are bothersome, consult your healthcare provider to discuss potential treatment options.