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Understanding Central Venous Catheters (CVCs): Types, Uses, and Care
Medically reviewed by William Wadzinski | MD, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences on March 1st, 2024.
When you need long-term intravenous (IV) treatment, your doctor may recommend a central venous catheter (CVC), also known as a central line. Unlike a regular IV, a CVC is a thin, long tube that goes into a large vein in your arm or chest, allowing for extended care without damaging your veins or causing discomfort from repeated needle sticks.
When You Might Need a CVC
Your doctor may recommend a CVC for various reasons, including:
Frequent blood tests
Chemotherapy for cancer treatment
Kidney dialysis
Long-term antibiotic therapy
Self-treatment at home
The type of CVC you receive depends on factors such as the purpose, duration of treatment, and the insertion site on your body.
Types of CVCs
PICC Line
A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line is inserted into your arm and runs to a large vein near your heart. The external end may have one or two tubes, called lumens, for administering medication. PICC line insertion is a minimally invasive procedure that requires regular flushing and dressing changes to prevent infection.
Implanted Port
An implanted port is a thin tube with one or two discs that goes entirely under your skin, usually in your chest. To administer treatment, your doctor inserts a needle through your skin into the disc. Implanted ports require a minor surgery for placement but offer more freedom for daily activities once healed. They can remain in place for years and require less maintenance when not in use.
Tunneled CVC
A tunneled CVC is typically inserted in your chest near the collarbone, with one end near your heart and the other end, featuring lumens, exiting your chest. The catheter is secured in place by a cuff in the tunneled portion. Insertion involves two small incisions and requires regular flushing and dressing changes.
Caring for Your CVC
Proper care of your CVC is essential to prevent infections and ensure its longevity. Your healthcare team will provide detailed instructions on how to flush the catheter, change dressings, and maintain sterility. Be sure to follow these instructions closely and contact your doctor if you experience any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge at the insertion site.
Remember, a CVC is an essential tool for long-term intravenous treatment, designed to make your care more comfortable and convenient. By understanding the types, uses, and care requirements of CVCs, you can work with your healthcare team to ensure the best possible outcomes.
For more information on central venous catheters, visit:
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