Cellulitis is a common bacterial infection that affects the skin and the soft tissues underneath. If left untreated, it can become a serious health concern. In this article, we'll explore the causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options for cellulitis to help you better understand this condition.
Cellulitis occurs when bacteria enter the body through a break or cut in the skin. The most common bacteria responsible for cellulitis are Group A streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria can enter the skin through various means, including:
Injuries or wounds
Surgical incisions
Skin conditions such as eczema, athlete's foot, or psoriasis
Foreign objects in the skin
Open wounds underneath the skin
It's important to note that cellulitis is not caused by poor hygiene, and it is not contagious under normal circumstances.
The most common symptoms of cellulitis include:
Redness and swelling of the affected area
Pain and tenderness
Warmth in the affected skin
Skin that appears pitted like an orange peel or develops blisters
Fever and chills
Cellulitis can occur anywhere on the body, but it most commonly affects the lower legs, feet, toes, arms, hands, and fingers. In some cases, cellulitis can also develop on the face or around the eyes.
Certain factors can increase your risk of developing cellulitis, including:
Having a weakened immune system due to conditions like diabetes, cancer, or HIV/AIDS
Experiencing circulatory problems, such as poor blood flow or lymphedema
Having a history of cellulitis
Suffering from skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or athlete's foot
Being overweight or obese
Undergoing certain medical procedures, such as a coronary artery bypass graft
In most cases, doctors can diagnose cellulitis based on a visual examination of the affected skin and a review of your symptoms. Your doctor may also order additional tests, such as:
Blood tests to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms
X-rays to check for foreign objects in the skin or possible bone infections
Bacterial cultures to identify the specific type of bacteria causing the infection
The primary goal of cellulitis treatment is to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. This is usually achieved through the use of antibiotics. Your doctor will prescribe an antibiotic, such as dicloxacillin or cephalexin, which you will typically take orally for 5 days or longer, depending on the severity of your infection.
In addition to antibiotics, you can manage cellulitis at home by:
Keeping the affected area clean and covered to promote healing
Elevating the affected body part to reduce swelling
Applying warm compresses to the skin
Using compression wraps or stockings to minimize swelling and improve blood flow
Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to manage discomfort
In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove dead tissue to facilitate healing.
To reduce your risk of developing cellulitis, consider the following preventive measures:
Practice good personal hygiene and keep your skin clean
Moisturize your skin regularly to prevent cracks and dryness
Wear well-fitting, protective footwear and loose-fitting cotton socks
Keep wounds clean and covered, and watch for signs of infection
Manage underlying conditions that can increase your risk of cellulitis, such as diabetes or eczema
Protect yourself from insect bites by using EPA-approved insect repellents and wearing protective clothing
If you suspect you have cellulitis, it's essential to seek medical attention promptly. With proper treatment, most cases of cellulitis resolve within 7-10 days. However, if left untreated, cellulitis can lead to serious complications, such as blood infections or sepsis.
For more information on cellulitis and its treatment, consult the following reputable sources:
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